Ptsd - 778 Words

Assignment 1: Exploration of a Professional Journal Article in Psychology Cory Palmer Strayer University Professor Christine Marino PSY 100 05 NOV 2013 Assignment 1: Exploration of a Professional Journal Article in Psychology Kearney, Mcdermott, Malte, Martinez, amp; Simpson (2012) conducted a study of the effects of participation in a mindfulness program for veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. I believe that PTSD is a state of mind that an individual has or how the deal with a certain traumatic event that has taken place in their life. According to Santrock (2006), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event, such as war; severely oppressive†¦show more content†¦The article is written to inform the reader of the findings in research conducted in assistance to finding a cure or at least a treatment to reduce symptoms of PTSD. The results at the end of the 4-month study show that there is a change in mental HRQOL. At the 4-month follow-up, more veterans randomized to MBSR had clinically meaningful change in mental HRQOL, and in both mental HR QOL and PTSD symptoms (Kearney et al., 2012). It also shows large differences between the group with regular treatment and the group that received regular treatment plus MBSR in the improvements of depression, mental HRQOL, and mindfulness skills. These results were assembled from the questionnaires and treatments provided during the study. The MBSR for veterans with PTSD falls into the field of psychology do to the studies within the article that deal with the psychological state of the individuals involved, and it covers their overall mental state and mental HRQOL. Santrock (2006) outlines how this study also relates to the cognitive appraisal and in the chapters on coping and stress. The subject of coping covers the mental, the stress, the depression, and the emotional states of the person diagnosed with PTSD. In chapter 5 Santrock (2006) shares that coping is a way of managing the thoughts and flashbacks of the events in an effort to eliminate or reduce the stress caused by PTSD . InShow MoreRelatedPTSD Research Paper1674 Words   |  7 PagesTraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD: A Growing Epidemic. â€Å") Anyone that has gone through a traumatic event can be diagnosed with PTSD but research shows, military men and women are more susceptible to having PTSD (PTSD: A Growing Epidemic.) And, with little help from the US, many Veterans do not get the help they need or get treated for PTSD. Military men and women begin to find their own ways to cope which can sometimes be harmful to their selves and the people around them. PTSD can affect family, relationshipsRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Ptsd2486 Words   |  10 PagesPTSD in Adolescent Bullying Victims Turned School Shooters Anna Llewellyn Currently, the DSM-5 characterizes posttraumatic stress disorder as a disorder in which clients respond with heightened arousal and reactivity to repeatedly experienced or revisited traumatic situations (Posttraumatic). Individuals who have persistently witnessed or been a victim of great violence, such as military veterans or victims of domestic abuse, often develop PTSD as a result of their experiences. A population thatRead MorePtsd And Posttraumatic Stress Disorder1216 Words   |  5 PagesPTSD or Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a growing concern with our returning soldiers. As technology is advancing, battles are becoming more and more gruesome. The scars from defending your country are not only physical. Some scars may not be visible, but are even more dangerous. The trauma imbedded in these men and women’s heads will cause pain for them and their entire family. The dictionary definition of PTSD is a serious condition that can develop after a person has experienced or witnessedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )928 Words   |  4 Pages999388522 CASE JD is a 30-year-old male diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). He was involved in active combat during his 10 year career with the military and he is haunted by incidents that replay in his mind. He finds that scenes from battle run through his mind and disrupt his day-to-day functioning. He finds himself avoiding socializing with his military buddies, as this frequently triggers his PTSD. JD has been on several antidepressants with limited success and is not currently takingRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Identity, Groups, and PTSD In 1980, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD,) was officially categorized as a mental disorder even though after three decades it is still seen as controversial. The controversy is mainly founded around the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and politics. The author believes that a group level analysis will assist in understanding the contradictory positions in the debate of whether or not PTSD is a true disorder. The literature regarding this topicRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1352 Words   |  6 PagesPN et al 2014, there is about 8.7% of people who have PTSD affecting their lives. Traumatic experiences include childhood sexual contact, extreme violence, rape, torture, war, and the loss of loved one. After someone experiences any of these events, fear often triggers PTSD. Fear causes split-second changes within the body as a defense mechanism to avoid any danger to the body. Instead, however, it does the complete opposite. The â€Å"P† in P TSD defines the word Post; Post is used when something happensRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )2578 Words   |  11 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder What is PTSD? PTSD, or Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, is a psychiatric disorder that can occur following the experience or witnessing of a life-threatening events such as military combat, natural disasters, terrorist incidents, serious accidents, or physical or sexual assault in adult or childhood. Most survivors of trauma return to normal given a little time. However, some people will have stress reactions that do not go away on their own, or may even get worse overRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 PagesPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumatic stressRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )3504 Words   |  15 PagesEach year, over three million children and adolescents experience some form of traumatic event in their life (Ray, 2014). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can occur following the experience or witnessing of a traumatic event (Hamblen, 2009). Some of the events that can cause children and adolescents to suffer from PTSD are natural and man-made disasters, violent crimes, rape, or murder of a parent, school shootings, motor vehicle accidents, severe burns, exposure to communityRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )2240 Words   |  9 PagesPost-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD can be very common to those who have gone through a hardship in their life. Most people hear about PTSD when soldiers com e home from war, or a victim has been raped. Post-traumatic stress disorder deals with mental health, and the stress caused by a negative event someone has gone through. (Joseph, 1997) Anyone with PTSD goes through three symptoms to be diagnosed with the disorder. People that have PTSD usually get diagnosed with other mental health issues

The Scientific Revolution Essay - 1165 Words

The Scientific Revolution When comparing the views presented by both Aristotle and Copernicus, one must consider the circumstances under which these men lived to understand the differences. The most obvious of these is the time in history. Aristotle came almost 2000 years earlier in the astronomy field. While Copernicus had set out to glorify the great religion of his time, Aristotles views came 200 years before Christ was even born! Although the book gives the impression nothing of significance in astronomy happened in the time between Aristotle and Copernicus, professional astronomy was a developing institution during that time. For nearly 2000 years astronomers had been tracking and organizing and refining the prevailing†¦show more content†¦But Copernicus did not merely select one of two competing theories. He was showing signs ahead of his time of the scientific theory. To question something that seemed to make so much sense, at a time where it was unheard of to do so, was revolutionary, even if he did publish his work immediately. Another person who unknowingly contributed to the formation of the scientific theory was Tyco Brahe. Perhaps the most fundamental principle of the scientific theory is that of observation before conclusion. Tyco Brahe did not understand mathematics well enough to propose complicated theorems of celestial movement, such as Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD. What he did possess was the greatest observatory of his time and a keen ability to make detailed observations. Before his unfortunate demise at the dinner table of the emperor (Lets Go Europe, 2000), he amassed a great amount of data so that other astronomers wouldnt have to. Isaac Newton realized the importance of work such as Brahes when he said, If I have seen farther [than those before me], it is because I have stood on the shoulders of Giants [text]. Brahes observations led to great discoveries by those who used his data and observation methods. One such person was his student, Johannes Kepler. The text tells us that Keple r, who was trained for the Lutheran ministry, believed that the universe was built on mysticalShow MoreRelatedThe Scientific Revolution1531 Words   |  6 PagesIn the book â€Å" The Scientific Revolution: A Very Short Introduction†, Lawrence Principe discusses the general occurring events of the scientific revolution, and overviews various in-depth details in relation to those events. People at the time highly focused on the meanings and causes of their surrounds, as their motive was to â€Å"control, improve and exploit† (Principe 2) the world. In his work, Principe has successfully supported the notion that the Scientific Revolution stood as a period in time whereRead MoreScientific Discoveries Of The Scientific Revolution1548 Words   |  7 PagesScientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution refers to a time in history when developments in the sciences took off and changed the view of society regarding the earth and nature. Some of the relevant topics of this time were mathematics, astronomy, biology, physics and chemistry. Typically, the scientific revolution is considered the time in Europe starting around the end of the Renaissance period and lasting through the late 18th century. Between 1543 and 1700, Europe underwent many changesRead More The Scientific Revolution Essay1129 Words   |  5 Pages During the Scientific Revolution scientists such as Galileo, Copernicus, Descartes and Bacon wrestled with questions about God, human aptitude, and the possibilities of understanding the world. Eventually, the implications of the new scientific findings began to affect the way people thought and behaved throughout Europe. Society began to question the authority of traditional knowledge about the universe. This in turn, allowed them to question traditional views of the state and social order. NoRead MoreThe Scientific Revolution And Enlightenment1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, which spanned from the late 1500’s to 1700’s, shaped today’s modern world through disregarding past information and seeking answers on their own through the scientific method and other techniques created during the Enlightenment. Newton’s ‘Philsophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica’ and Diderot’s Encyclopedia were both comp osed of characteristics that developed this time period through the desire to understand all life, humans are capable of understandingRead MoreEssay on The Scientific Revolution1263 Words   |  6 Pagesadvances. The Scientific Revolution began with a spark of inspiration that spread a wild fire of ideas through Europe and America. The new radical ideas affected everything that had been established and proven through religious views. The scientific revolution was more radical and innovative than any of the political revolutions of the seventeenth century.1 All of the advances that were made during this revolutionary time can be attributed to the founders of the Scientific Revolution. The revolutionRead MoreThe Scientific Revolution And The Enlightenment1528 Words   |  7 Pagessecularism to better themselves and understand the universe. As the sciences became more popular, skepticism about religious grew. A significant root of the Enlightenment was the Scientific Revolution (1500-1700) which pressed the use of reasoning, inquiry, and scientific method in order to arrive that the truth. The scientific revolution was an attempt to better understand our world through the use of reason and logic. It was characterized by numerous achievement including the shift from a geocentric (Earth-centered)Read MoreEssay on The Scientific Revolution1344 Words   |  6 PagesIn the centuries preceding the Scientific Revolution people attempted to understand natural phenomena through the lenses of doctrine and philosophical speculation. Scientists were content with to rely on a synthesis of Aristotelian framework and dogma in attempt to describe the world. During the Scientific Revolution scientists began to embrace empiricism as a way to better understand the intricacies of nature. Unlike today scientists during the Scientific Revolution didn’t see a dichotomy betweenRead MoreThe Scientific Revolution and Its Impact1291 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout the Scientific Revolution, scientists and natural philosophers created a new scientific world by questioning popular ideas and constructing original models. During the 1500s and 1600s, the concept of individualism, the principle of being independent and self-reliant, began to be applied to one’s life. People began to have individual thoughts and started to disagree with commonly believed ideas promoted by the Church. As this way of thinking expanded throughout Europe, scientists lookedRead MoreThe Scientific Revolution Of The Human History Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pages Scientific Revolution: An Important Event in the Human History The moments when I write these words are history, so we could say history deals with the past. However, the past has not passed completely. The future will also be history. History is a very dynamic notion and concept. What is history is really hard to define. Change is central to history. Yet, history is not only about details. There are certain things that demonstrate true history. These events have varied in time and space. AmongRead MoreThe Effects of the Scientific Revolution Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesHistory 208 Primary Source Paper â€Å"Scientific Revolution† 2.24.11 Nicholas Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Francis Bacon and Joseph Needham. According to some excerpts from â€Å"Why Europe?† by Jack Gladstone and â€Å"China, Technology and Change† by Lynda Norene Shaffer, the work of these notable men can be traced back to having a significant role in the scientific focus of modern society, or what we now know to be the â€Å"Scientific Revolution† of the seventeenth century. In a world where

Scripting multimedia web pages Free Essays

Chapter 07: Scripting multimedia web pages SCRIPTING MULTIMEDIA WEB PAGES LEARNING OUTCOME Upon the completion of this chapter you should be able to: Understand assorted scripting methods used for web page designing. Know the different types of scheduling linguistic communications. Know the OOP paradigm and Java book. We will write a custom essay sample on Scripting multimedia web pages or any similar topic only for you Order Now Know OOP paradigm and slang Understand the Java 3D theoretical account. Know the assorted multimedia formats. 7.1 Scripting multimedia web pages Multimedia would be lifeless without scripting. Multimedia becomes synergistic when scripting is added to it. The interaction characteristics such as doing a bill of fare button, alteration of colour on axial rotation over of mouse, signifier filling on a web page and compilation and directing that information to another topographic point ; opening a new browser window when choosing a hyperlink ; triping a new sequence when an image is selected or even doing simple games. 7.1.1 Types of scheduling linguistic communications Machine codification is the most basic type of scheduling. Machine codification is merely one type It is composed merely of the two binary figures: 0 and 1. Interpretation of the machine codification depends on the hardware running in the computing machine. Programing linguistic communications are of many types. The most of import linguistic communications are: General-purpose scheduling linguistic communication Scripting scheduling linguistic communication Object-oriented scheduling linguistic communication General-purpose scheduling linguistic communications include Java, C and C++ . These linguistic communications are to be compiled by a compiler plan. A compiler is a plan which translates beginning codification written in a peculiar scheduling linguistic communication into computer-readable machine codification that can be executed on its ain. JavaScript, Flash ActionScript and Lingo come under Scripting linguistic communications ; nevertheless it uses Object-oriented linguistic communication every bit good. General characteristics of scripting linguistic communications are: Easy to larn and utilize Need non be compiled By and large interpreted at run-time Associated with a diverse scope of bing computing machine constituents Able to pass on with other scheduling and scripting linguistic communications. 7.1.2 Basic control constructions Programing linguistic communications have control constructions that direct the flow of information. The three basic control constructions are: sequence choice repeat Consecutive control construction:The stairss from start to complete are absolutely carried out one after another, without any break. Selection control construction:These are statements where a true/false pick is made. The ‘ if ‘ statement:If the status is true, so a certain action or actions can be triggered ; if false, so they are ignored. These types of statements are normally known as an ‘if ‘ statement. The ‘if/else ‘ statement:If the status is true, so a certain action or actions can be triggered ; if false, so a certain action or actions can be triggered. Repetition control construction:These are statements that are often acted upon while a peculiar status remains true. While the status is true, the needed actions will be carried out. Equally shortly as the needed status is false, so the cringle will be ignored. It is of import to observe that there must ever be some manner to do a status false. The basic control constructions can besides work together in a sequence or nested within each other to quite complex statements. 7.1.3 The OOP paradigm The scripting languages belong to a set called Object Orientated Programming, or OOP that incorporates Lingo, ActionScript and JavaScript. OOP breaks the sequence of stairss from top to bottom into separate parts called objects that interact with each other in a non-linear manner. OOP is based on grouping scripting information into categories. From a category, multiple cases can be made and used. These cases are referred to as objects. Each object has belongingss and methods. These programming objects are same as existent universe objects. All the objects such as frames, movieClips, films, cast members, buttons, text Fieldss, etc. are merely objects made with codification. They are seeable because they have belongingss such as size, colour, place, etc. and the user can utilize them as they have methods such as drama, halt, edit, etc. Puting up for codification JavaScript, ActionScript and Lingo have different scripting environments. JavaScript is by and large bound to net pages. ActionScript is inside the frames of a timeline and on objects such as buttons and movieClips. Lingo is like ActionScript, but has different types of books depending on where it is used. Event animal trainers An event occurs when the mouse is moved or the mouse button is clicked, a key is pressed or a web page is loaded. It is a individual happening though it may be repeated many times a 2nd, such as enterFrame in ActionScript and Lingo. The animal trainer is the piece of codification that every book linguistic communication contains to observe the events. Some event animal trainers are common to JavaScript, ActionScript and Lingo, and some are specific to certain scripting linguistic communication. Common event animal trainers are mouseup, mouseDown and enterFrame JavaScript and ActionScript allow books to be triggered without the event animal trainer, In JavaScript, any codification that is decently added between the book ticket is carried out when loaded into the browser. In ActionScript, any codification that is right added to an single frame in any timeline will be executed when the playhead enters that frame. In Lingo, codification must be with in an event animal trainer. 7.1.4 OOP and JavaScript All the scripting linguistic communications have default and user defined objects. Default objects are built in the scripting linguistic communication and User defined objects are 1s that are made by you. In scripting linguistic communications like JavaScript, you can hold every bit many cases of a peculiar object category as you like. Your scripting linguistic communication should cognize the specific object case you target and the belongings or method you want to command. One of the most critical belongingss is calling single object cases. In JavaScript, the ‘name ‘ property is added to the HTML elements ticket. For illustration, to call the signifier ‘loginForm ‘ in an HTML use the undermentioned codification: lt ; signifier name= † loginForm † gt ; Objects in JavaScript are called the Document Object Model ( DOM ) . DOM is a hierarchy of objects that are contained in each HTML page. These objects are chiefly categorized into three types Window object, papers object and signifier object. Window object is at the top of the hierarchy. Document and form objects are largely manipulated. The signifier object is ever in the papers object. DOM illustration: Text field for login To entree the text in a text field i.e ‘username ‘ located in a signifier called ‘loginForm ‘ on a web page: document.loginForm.userName.value ( read this from right to left ) Here the scripting statement entree the ‘value ‘ belongings of the text field object called ‘userName ‘ that is in the signifier object called ‘loginForm ‘ , which is in bend is in the web page ‘s papers object. The terminal consequence of this statement is text threading value. Properties and methods in JavaScript Properties Properties are by and large linked to the physical visual aspect of scripting objects. In existent life, objects besides have belongingss. Some belongingss of object are read-only, that is the belongings ‘s value can be retrieved but can non be changed. Other object belongingss can be retrieved and changed. These characteristics are referred to as proving or puting a belongings ‘s value. Example 1: sentence structure: JavaScript – proving a image ‘s width belongingsdocument.greenHondaCRX.width In this illustration, the scripting statement entree the value of the ‘width ‘ belongings of the image object called ‘greenHondaCR ‘ , that is in web page ‘s papers object. Example2: sentence structure: JavaScript – puting a image ‘s width belongingsdocument.greenHondaCRX.width = â€Å" 257 † In this illustration, the scripting statement is puting the value of the ‘width ‘ belongings of the image object called ‘greenHondaCR ‘ to ‘257 ‘ . The ‘greenHondaCR ‘ image object is in web page ‘s papers object. Methods Methods are linked to the intent and actions of an object. Real life objects can besides hold methods/actions. Methods require excess information for the object to transport out the action right. In scripting linguistic communications this excess information is referred to as a methods parametric quantities or statements. Example 3: sentence structure: JavaScript – utilizing the history objecthistory.go ( -1 ) In this illustration, the scripting statement is utilizing the ‘go ‘ method of the history object. Methods are typically recognized by the usage of brackets â€Å" ( ) † after the methods name. The brackets are used to envelop any parametric quantities that you send to the method. In the above illustration, we are directing negative one ( -1 ) , which instructs the ‘go ‘ method of the ‘history ‘ object to lade the old web page. 7.1.5 OOP and ActionScript In ActionScript, select the object case on phase and enter an case name in the Properties panel. This is same as appellative variables. ActionScript uses aim waies to maintain path of object cases. These waies are laid out like a route map and object should hold a name to look on this route map. This route map is a hierarchy, with the chief timeline at its base. ActionScript shows the object hierarchy in a file by snaping the ‘insert mark way ‘ button situated in the ActionScript Panel. Let us take an illustration â€Å" Target way ‘road map ‘ : Text field and button for login, † where we have two objects a film cartridge holder with a text field in it and a button. They are in the root timeline. Select each point and verify its name in the Properties Panel. The movieClip has the name ‘loginClip ‘ . The text filed in the movieClip is named ‘userName ‘ . The button is name ‘ btnLogin ‘ . Choose the button in the root timeline and open the ActionScript Panel in ‘Expert Mode ‘ Click the ‘Insert a mark way † button. The ‘Insert Target Path ‘ duologue box opens and shows a ocular representation of the ‘road map ‘ of objects presently accessible from the timeline that we are in. In the ‘Insert Target Path ‘ duologue box, choice ‘Dots ‘ and ‘Absolute ‘ options. Click the little plus gestural ‘+ ‘ following to the movieClip icon name ‘loginClip ‘ to demo the text field object in it. The existent mark way of the selected movieClip object ‘loginClip ‘ appears. Click the text filed icon ‘userName ‘ , the mark way alters. In ActionScript, absolute mark waies ever start from the _root timeline of the file. Relative mark waies start with the current object selected on phase. Click on the option ‘Relative ‘ . Click on the little plus gestural ‘+ ‘ following to the movieClip icon name ‘loginClip ‘ and select the ‘userName ‘ text field. The mark way alters. Alternatively get downing with ‘_root ‘ it now starts with ‘this ‘ , bespeaking the objects that are presently selected on phase. We have a mark way from the point we have originally selected on phase, the ‘btnLogin ‘ button, to the text field ‘userName ‘ that resides in the movieClip ‘loginClip ‘ . 7.1.6 OOP and Lingo In Lingo, the most normally used objects are cast members, and cast member object cases are sprites. In Director the objects must be in the film ‘s dramatis personae to look on the phase. All cast members that are placed in the mark have a default dramatis personae member figure and a alone dramatis personae member name. Through these two dramatis personae member belongingss, Lingo communicates to specific dramatis personae members and its associated sprites. To pass on to single sprite cases in the mark, Lingo uses the fairy ‘s figure. Sprite Number Example In Director, everything that is on the phase goes into a channel in the mark. Merely one fairy can busy a channel. For illustration the fairy ‘s figure is four, the sentence structure to entree the width belongings of this fairy would be:fairy ( 4 ) .widthorthe breadth of sprite 4 Lingo has two types of sentence structure: The first codification sample uses ‘dot ‘ sentence structure, which is in broad usage now. The 2nd illustration is what Lingo calls ‘verbose ‘ sentence structure. Almost any Lingo statement can be written with either dot sentence structure or verbose. In the first ‘dot ‘ syntax illustration, the scripting statement is aiming the fairy object that is in channel four of the mark and accessing its ‘width ‘ belongings. To Lingo, this whole complete line of codification represents one whole number value stand foring the fairy ‘s current breadth in pels. Cast member Name Example In Director, everything that is created or imported into the dramatis personae is allocated a dramatis personae member figure and a alone dramatis personae member name. Choose a dramatis personae member and enter its name in the ‘Cast Member Name ‘ text field. For illustration, a dramatis personae member 2, which its name â€Å" green square † :member ( â€Å" green square † )member ( 2 ) It is standard industry pattern to utilize cast member ‘s name instead that its figure. In some particular fortunes the usage of cast member Numberss would be effectual. For the sprite illustration in Lingo codification, the sentence structure for aiming cast member objects can be written in both ‘dot ‘ and ‘verbose ‘ sentence structure. In the first ‘dot ‘ sentence structure, the scripting statement is aiming the dramatis personae member named â€Å" green square † and accessing its ‘width ‘ belongings. To Lingo, this whole complete line of codification represents one whole number value stand foring the dramatis personae member current breadth in pels. Self cheque 7.1 1. If more than one dramatis personae member has the same name, what will Lingo make if that name is used in book? 7.2 Java 3D Java 3D is a set of criterions that have been broaden under Java 2 for making 3D artworks. Java 3D is a scene graph-based 3D application programming interface ( API ) for the Java platform. It runs on top of either OpenGL or Direct3D. Advantages of Java 3D: Platform Mugwump:It is platform independent as it is an API extension of Java. Object-oriented 3D Artworks:It is carried out by utilizing a scene graph-based 3D artworks theoretical account. Optimized Speed:During runtime, the scene graph of the fastest possible renders is optimized by utilizing the rendition capableness spots. This facilitates the Java 3D to be used in synergistic artworks environments every bit good as high quality artworks. Rise of 3D stevedores:Free handiness of Java 3D VRML97 file stevedore and browser, with their codifications. Support Exotic Devicess:The com.sun.j3d.utils.trackers package provides Fake infinite, Logitech, and Polhemus devices. Disadvantages of Java 3D: Standard Extension API:Java 3D is a standard extension API to the Java2 platform, which is regarded as a hazard factor as it may restrict the portability of Java 3D codification across platforms. Availability Limitation:Sun is the lone key seller that is back uping Java 3D through Solaris and Win32. The cross-platform portability is a serious issue for Java 3D. Concealment of Rendering Pipeline inside informations:Java 3D a high degree API, deliberately hides inside informations of the rendering grapevine from the developer therefore doing it incompatible for applications where such inside informations are required. Heavyweight constituents:Java 3D, being heavyweight, carries out the rendering through native non-Java equal. In general the lightweight and heavyweight constituents of Java do non blend good when placed together in one object or window. 7.2.1 Key differences between Java 3D and VRML Program attack: In making 3D universes, VRML adopts a content-centric attack and Java 3D adopts a program-centric attack. Flexibility:Java 3D is more lissome in footings of programming manner and the maps available. The better figure of available maps makes Java 3D a better tool in making specific and modified behaviour and applications. Java 3D provides extended support for behaviours, interpolators, niping and hit sensing. Application complexness:VRML is more suited for simple artworks applications where as Java 3D is more suited for making the content or 3D universe applications. File format:VRML has a standardized file format. Java 3D, has capableness to back up compiled codification of low degree API for faster 3D artworks rendering. Compatibility:Java 3D supports VRML objects through the VRML97 stevedore but VRML can non run Java 3D plans. Dynamic fluctuation of scene graph:The scene graph that describes the practical 3D universe created in Java 3D can be changed dynamically but in VRML it is non executable. Vendor support:Most of the sellers support VRML than Java 3D. Some portion of Java 3D is basically evolves from OpenGL. OpenGL is non good suited for developing complicated 3D artworks applications due to programming, debugging, and care attempts. Features Multithreaded scene graph construction Generic Real-time API, useable for both visual image and gambling Support for retained, compiled-retained, and immediate manners rendering Includes hardware-accelerated JOGL, OpenGL and Direct3D renderers ( depending on platform ) Platform independent Native support for head-mounted show CAVE ( multiple screen projectors ) 3D spacial sound complicated virtual-reality-based position theoretical account with clasp for stereoscopic rendition and complex multi-display constellations Programmable shaders, back uping both GLSL and CG Importers for most mainstream formats, like 3DS, OBJ, VRML, X3D, NWN, and FLT Stencil buffer Self cheque 7.2 1. List out the advantages and disadvantages of java3D 7.3 Multimedia Formats Multimedia elements like sound or pictures are stored in media files. Detect the file extension to place the media type. If the file is an HTML page, the browser spots the file extensions as.htm or.html. If it is an XML file, the browser spots it as.xml extension and the manner sheet is spotted as.css. Image formats are identified by extensions like.gif and.jpg. Windows Multimedia Formats: Windows media files have the extensions like.asf, .asx, .wma, and.wmv. Advanced Streaming Format ( ASF ) ASF is peculiarly designed to run over the Internet. ASF files include audio, picture, slide shows, and synchronised events. These files should be good compressed and are delivered as a changeless flow of informations. The file size is non restricted but should be good compressed to fit assorted bandwidths. Advanced Stream Redirector Format ( ASX ) ASX files are metafiles that provide information about files used to depict multimedia content. These are field text files Windows Media Audio Format ( WMA ) WMA format is developed by Microsoft to manage all types of audio content. Similar to ASF arrange these files excessively should be good compressed and are delivered as a changeless flow of informations. The file size is non restricted but should be good compressed to fit assorted bandwidths. Windows Media Video Format ( WMV ) WMV format is developed by Microsoft to manage all types of picture content. Similar to ASF arrange these files excessively should be good compressed and are delivered as a changeless flow of informations. The file size is non restricted but should be good compressed to fit assorted bandwidths. Windows Media Audio Redirector Format ( WAX ) WAX files are similar to ASX files, but designed to depict audio files. Windows Media Player Format ( WMP ) WMP files and WMX are reserved file types for future usage by Windows. Multimedia elements like sound or picture besides have their ain file formats with different extensions. General-purpose Formats Matroska File Format:which aims to be an all-enclusive, unfastened multimedia container format. Acorn Replay File Format:Acorn Replay ( RPL ) file format used on RISC OS machines. The format is frequently seen on Eidos games, but is designed as a all-purpose format. Self cheque 7.3 1. List out assorted multimedia formats and their utilizations. 7.4 Summary This is the 7th faculty for the multimedia web development class. This faculty explains about the different types of programming linguistic communications such as General-purpose scheduling linguistic communication, Scripting programming linguistic communication and Object-oriented scheduling linguistic communication. In this chapter you have learnt about control constructions that direct the flow of information in scheduling linguistic communication. Additionally you have learnt the different types of control construction such as sequence, choice and Repeat In add-on, this faculty pointed out the OOP paradigm and JavaScript. Further you have learnt about Properties and methods in JavaScript. It besides explained the Java 3D, a scene graph-based 3D application programming Interface. Finally you have learnt about the advantages and disadvantages of Java 3D and the cardinal differences between Java 3D and VRML Cardinal TERMS DOM – Document Object Model ASF – Advanced Streaming Format ASX – Advanced Stream Redirector Format WMA – Windows Media Audio Format WMV – Windows Media Video Format WMP – Windows Media Player Format WAX – Windows Media Audio Redirector Format Mention David Miller ( 1996 ) : Web multimedia development – pages 649 ; ISBN1562056832, 9781562056834 Timothy Paul Garrand ( 2001 ) : Writing for multimedia and the web – Pages 341 ; ISBN0240803817, 9780240803814 Stephen McGloughlin ( 2009 ) : Multimedia on the Web – Pages 193 ; ISBN1575766485, 9781575766485 Timothy Paul Garrand ( 2006 ) : Writing for multimedia and the Web: a practical usher to content development for synergistic media – Pages 478 ; ISBN0240808223, 9780240808222 Activity A. True/False Questions 1. Machine codification is composed merely of the two binary figures 0 and 1. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 2. Multimedia would be lifeless without scripting. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 3. Programing linguistic communications do non hold control constructions to direct the flow of information. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 4. OOPs is based on grouping scripting information into categories. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 5. In OOP ‘s each object does non hold belongingss and methods. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 6. An event will non happen when the mouse is moved or the mouse button is clicked. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 7. ActionScript uses aim waies to maintain path of object cases. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 8. Java 3D is a scene graph-based 3D application programming interface ( TRUE/FALSE ) 9. Java 3D is platform dependant. ( TRUE/FALSE ) 10. WMV format is developed by Microsoft to manage all types of picture content. ( TRUE/FALSE ) B. Multiple Choice 1. The different types of scheduling linguistic communications are __________ A ) General-purpose scheduling linguistic communication B ) Scripting programming linguistic communication C ) Object-oriented scheduling linguistic communication D ) All the above 2. In _____________ the stairss from start to complete are absolutely carried out one after another, without any break. A ) Sequential control construction B ) Selection control construction C ) Repetition control construction D ) None of the above 3. The OOP stands for A ) Object Operating Programing B ) Original Orientated Programming C ) Object Orientated Programming D ) Object Orientated Patch 4. Which of The followers is a basic control constructions? A ) sequence B ) choice C ) A A ; B D ) None of the above 5. In OOPs the cases are referred to as ________ A ) Properties B ) Objects C ) Methods D ) None of the above 6. Objects in JavaScript are called the ____________- A ) Document Oriented Model B ) Document Object Model C ) A A ; B D ) None of the above 7. ____________ shows the object hierarchy in a file by snaping the ‘insert mark way ‘ button A ) ActionScript B ) OOP C ) Lingo D ) All the above 8. In making 3D universes, VRML adopts a _________________ and Java 3D adopts a __________________ A ) content-centric attack, program-centric attack. B ) program-centric attack, content-centric attack C ) program-centric attack, program-centric attack D ) None of the above 9. Extensions used by Windows media files are A ) .asf B ) .asx C ) .wma, D ) All the above 10. __________files are metafiles that provide information about files used to depict multimedia content. A ) WMA B ) WMV C ) ASX D ) All the above Chapter 7: Answers ( True/False Questions ) 1. T 2. Thymine 3. F 4. Thymine 5. F 6. F 7. T 8. Thymine 9. F 10. Thymine Answer ( Multiple Choice Questions ) 1. D 2. Angstrom 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. Bacillus 7. A 8. Angstrom 9. D 10. C How to cite Scripting multimedia web pages, Essay examples

Employee Motivation Strategies

Employee Motivation Strategies-Pantaloons Essay Company profile Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited, is India’s leading retailer that operates multiple retail formats in both the value and lifestyle segment of the Indian consumer market. Headquartered in Mumbai (Bombay), the company operates over 12 million square feet of retail space, has over 1000 stores across 71 cities in India and employs over 30,000 people. The company’s leading formats include Pantaloons, a chain of fashion outlets, Big Bazaar, a uniquely Indian hypermarket chain, Food Bazaar, a supermarket chain, blends the look, touch and feel of Indian bazaars with aspects of modern retail like choice, convenience and quality and Central, a chain of seamless destination malls. Some of its other formats include Brand Factory, Blue Sky, all, Top 10 and Star and Sitara. The company also operates an online portal, futurebazaar. com. Future Value Retail Limited  is a wholly owned subsidiary of  Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited. This entity has been created keeping in mind the growth and the current size of the company’s value retail business, led by its format divisions,  Big Bazaar and Food Bazaar. The company operates  120 Big Bazaar stores, 170 Food Bazaar  stores, among other formats, in over  70 cities across the country, covering an operational retail space of over  6 million square feet. As a focussed entity driving the growth of the groups value retail business, Future Value Retail Limited will continue to deliver more value to its customers, supply partners, stakeholders and communities across the country and shape the growth of modern retail in India. Pantaloon Retail was recently awarded the International Retailer of the Year 2007 by the US-based National Retail Federation (NRF) and the Emerging Market Retailer of the Year 2007 at the World Retail Congress held in Barcelona. Pantaloon Retail is the flagship company of Future Group, a business group catering to the entire Indian consumption space. Employee Motivation Strategies Their Culture: Passion for Retail is why they are here. At Pantaloon Retail, Empowerment is what you acquire and Freedom at Work is what you get. They believe their most valuable assets are their People. Young in spirit, adventurous in action, with an average age of 27 years, their skilled qualified professionals work in an environment where change is the only constant. Powered by the desire to create path-breaking practices and held together by values, work in this people intensive industry is driven by softer issues. In their world, making a difference to Customers’ lives is a Passion and performance is the key that makes it possible. Out of the Box thinking has become a way of life at Pantaloon Retail and living with the change, a habit. Leadership is a value that is followed by one and all at Pantaloon Retail. Leadership is the quality that motivates them to never stop learning, stretching to reach the next challenge, knowing that they will be rewarded along the way. In the quest of creating an Indian model of retailing, Pantaloon Retail has taken initiatives to launch many retail formats that have come to serve as a benchmark in the industry. Believing in leadership has given them the optimism to change and be successful at it. They do not predict the future, but create it. At Pantaloon Retail you will get an opportunity to handle multiple responsibilities, and therein, the grooming to play a larger role in the future. Work is a unique mix of preserving their core Indian values and yet providing customers with a service, on par with international standards. At Pantaloon you will work with some of the brightest people from different spheres of industry. They believe it’s a place where you can live your dreams and pursue a career that reflects your skills and passions. Pantaloon Retail follows a team incentive model, and its employees are able to increase their salaries by 30 per cent to 40 per cent. It has a much lower annual attrition rate of 8. 36 per cent for its 14,000 plus front-line staff. .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac , .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac .postImageUrl , .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac , .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac:hover , .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac:visited , .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac:active { border:0!important; } .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac:active , .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u18b0fe070c1131966ad35a8e1aaee0ac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Wuthering Heights2 EssayPantaloon Retail credits it to the emotional connect that it has with its employees. Besides the five week product and operations related training that the staff has to go through, we make our new employees go through a Gurukul process. This is a self-discovery programme emphasizing on employees eating habits, hygiene, interpersonal skills, teamwork and building interaction with the other gender, said Sanjay Jog, head-human resources, Pantaloon Retail. Employee Engagement Activities: ; To ensure High Employee Satisfaction Index through conducting various employee Programmes like arties, birthday anniversary celebrations, sports, etc. ; To reward an d recognize the performers for further motivation in the team. ; Training Development: To provide the Induction Training to all new joiners at different levels, to identify Training needs of the employees and to Train them accordingly, to develop people for their growth in the organization through different developmental programmes. ; To create an innovative and accountable work environment by recognizing and promoting positive behavior’s that support individual, work group, department, business goals and objectives. . contd. Pantaloons Gift Vouchers: The most important reasons how the company uses these Pantaloons vouchers prove better option for making good reputation in the market are: Encouragement to the employees: These vouchers motivate the employees at e large scale. Pantaloons offer a wide range of Pantaloons vouchers for its employees which encourage them for better understanding in the company which help creating a healthy environment within the company. Client Gifts: the company also assures that the clients of the company must be given chances to explore many new advantages of the company and its products. This also keeps the clients of the company happy. Celebrations inside the company: Pantaloons vouchers offer good beneficial features while there are any kinds of events being celebrated inside the company. This enhances the employees and company relations. The employees are not given gifts; rather they are given open way to make choice by these vouchers. Giving incentives: Pantaloons vouchers offer gift for the sales force also. This enhances the relationship amongst the workers and the company. It keeps assuring them that the company is concerned about them all time. Conclusion Suggestions regarding improving motivation level of employees: The  key to an effective workplace employee motivation strategy is to provide a range of incentives that will appeal to different personalities. While one individual may be highly money motivated another may find job satisfaction or creative opportunities are more powerful factors. The employee is always right’ These employee motivation strategies involve improving levels of trust between the leadership of your company and staff:   1. Find the right job for the right person. When people enjoy and are challenged by their work they become self-motivated. 2. Empower employees. Trust employees to make their own decisions and make their own mistakes. 3. Co-operation vs. Competition. Excessiv e competition destroys morale. When teams work towards a shared goal they become more motivated. 4. Involve employees in company development. Keep employees informed on new developments in the organization and how their work impacts the company. 5. Create a comfortable working environment. Including relaxing the dress code where appropriate, developing areas for socializing, creative thinking, reading and giving employees quality spaces to work in (larger desks, quiet, natural lighting etc. )   6. Praise in public, correct in private. At first they may be embarrassed by the public recognition of their achievement; but theyll get over it and glow on the inside. Equally, never undermine in public. Save those conversations for a safe, confidential environment.

3 Examples of Proper Attribution of Quotations

3 Examples of Proper Attribution of Quotations 3 Examples of Proper Attribution of Quotations 3 Examples of Proper Attribution of Quotations By Mark Nichol 1. â€Å"‘Of the 230 companies we inventoried in 1984, 54 had gone out of business or been taken over by 1987. From 1981 to 1994, we lost 84 percent,’ said Smith.† Interrupt a quotation of more than one sentence with an attribution following the first sentence to avoid a delay in identifying the speaker or writer: â€Å"’Of the 230 companies we inventoried in 1984, 54 had gone out of business or been taken over by 1987,’ said Smith. ‘From 1981 to 1994, we lost 84 percent.’† 2. â€Å"Echoing the thoughts of his fellow players, Jones perhaps said it best, ‘We never wanted to disappoint him under any circumstances.’† When an attribution consists of a complete thought that sets up the quotation that follows, use a colon rather than a comma, to set the attribution off from the quotation: â€Å"Echoing the thoughts of his fellow players, Jones perhaps said it best: ‘We never wanted to disappoint him under any circumstances.’† 3. â€Å"And while bin Laden’s killing has dealt a crippling blow to his terrorist organization, she said, ‘Nobody should believe individual al Qaeda leaders cannot be replaced.’† To provide context for the quotation, the writer has added the paraphrased dependent clause preceding the attribution, uniting the clause and the quotation into an extended sentence. Because this sentence no longer begins with nobody, the word is no longer capitalized: â€Å"And while bin Laden’s killing has dealt a crippling blow to his terrorist organization, she said, ‘nobody should believe individual al Qaeda leaders cannot be replaced.’† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidAbstract Nouns from Adjectives15 English Words of Indian Origin

Banco Popular a Company Overview on Banking essays

Banco Popular a Company Overview on Banking essays Banco Popular is the third largest commercial banking company in Spain. While Spain is the base and the largest market for Banco Popular, the institution has operating facilities in several other European countries, as well as joint operating agreements to provide banking services in Mexico and some South American countries (Banco Popular, 2004). This overview of Banco Popular includes the history of the banking institution and a description of the markets in which the bank participates. The opportunities available to Banco Popular in the markets in which it participates are discussed. The effects of government regulations on the operation of the bank are considered. The performance of the bank (with a primary focus on financial performance) is reviewed. Banco Popular was founded in 1926 in Madrid, Spain as Banco Popular Espaňol. Within the Spanish market, Banco Popular operates as a national bank with headquarters in Madrid where it operates under the name Banco Popular. Banco Popular also operates five regional banks in the Spanish market under the names Banco de Andaluc, Banco de Castilla, Banco de Crdito Balear, Banco de Vasconia, Banco de Galicia (Banco Popular, 2004). Operations were established in the French in Paris in 1968, and, in 1991, the operation in Paris was expanded to 14 other locations in France. The company's operations in France were reorganized as Banco Popular France, which now operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Banco Popular In 2000 Banco Popular established a network of commercial banking branches in the Portuguese market. The bank expanded its operations in Portugal in 2002, with the acquisition of Banco Nacional de Crdito Inmobiliario (BNCI). Banco Popular merged its existing banking operations in Portugal into BNCI, which now operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Banco Popular al...

Communication in Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Communication in Economics - Essay Example omic policy is based on the pioneering work of many economists who are of the view that raising income taxes specially and taxes generally are beneficial to the long term viability of the economy. It means raising income taxes will ensure that our future generations will have strong economy to build on when they will find that they money their forefathers have sacrificed in creating and developing the economic infrastructure of this very great country of ours. I must tell you, ladies and gentlemen, that cutting taxes means curtailing essential services like curtailing school hours, less Medicaid as well as result in tuition fees at public universities if government’s targets for raising the targeted revenue is not achieved and as for as I know, lowering income taxes is one of the biggest contributors towards not achieving the revenue targets by the government. Ladies and gentlemen, the current recession which our country is facing due to issues like credit crunch caused by sub-prime mortgage market can really be avoided if government increase fiscal expansion and fiscal expansion can only be achieved if we raise taxes so that money raised through these taxes is ploughed back into our economy to make this economy running on solid footings again. I also would like to point out towards the economic theories of Herbert Hoover who advocated the balancing of budgets in short term despite the facts that this can damage the economy. In a sluggish economy the only option left to economy is to increase the demand for goods and services. Due to sluggishness of the economy, firms tend to carry over excess capacities therefore in order to reduce these excess capacities, the demand for good and services need to increase. However, raising income taxes in such a way that those earning in higher bracket are taxed higher so that those are in the lower inco me groups can benefits of the distribution of nation’s wealth without sacrificing cuts in government spending on essential

Luxury Branding and The Online Shopping Environment Essay

Luxury Branding and The Online Shopping Environment - Essay Example The researcher states that luxury branding utilizes the experience and loyalty to sell fantasy to target customers. Companies offer exclusivity and distinction in order to create a lasting perception of the brands. The emotional relationship between the customer and the luxury product will determine the level of willingness to purchase a product or service. Miller and Mills argue that the functional benefits of the brands may not play a significant role in the management of the luxury brands. A framework of luxury brands in the 21st Century involves a number of products that consists primarily of beauty, beverages, jewelry, automobiles, property and fashion products. The brands depend mainly on the opinion of the public and its relevance to the luxury consumers. Consumers are engaging in symbolic consumption due to the similarity between the personality of the luxury brand and end users. There has been increased interest in the brand personality concept because of the perceived symbo lic benefits in luxury brands. The consumption of luxury brands occurs through a transition similar to Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. Acquisition of luxury automobiles entails a transition from the basic car, through utility, quality, and premium to the luxury. A consumer with a luxurious personality would prefer a Rolls Royce as opposed to a basic Dodge model. An emphasis on taking advantage of the customer is vital to creating strong symbolic brand identities. Luxury brands defy the conventional marketing models. The marketing process is a paradox for many companies due to a great emphasis on high prices, quality, and publicity. Creation of brands that are highly visible in the marketplace is a top priority for firms producing luxury products. A model for brand concept entails high brand awareness with a high perception of quality.

Citi Group Financial Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Citi Group Financial - Research Proposal Example A leader continuously inspires quality relationships with others in the organization and, as much as possible, conforms to the expectations of corporate policy as a pinnacle of ethics and integrity. At Citigroup, there are several individuals with leadership qualities who have performed excellence in financial services and, simply by being rewarded for their performance, they achieved leadership status by inspiring others to act similarly in the business environment. In groups, a leader is often the task coordinator and acts as a mediator in various discussions between diverse group members. This view of the leadership role suggests a person who is equipped to handle multiple responsibilities and ensure that all members of the project team are focused and positive. Rather than delegating their individual tasks, the leader simply acts as the catalyst for social order and positive discussion. Citigroup regularly appoints leaders to different financial groups, generally selecting those who continuously provide excellence in communication and customer service. In most organizations, a manager is an individual who is responsible for coordinating the efforts of various subordinate staff members to ensure they are performing their unique job functions. A manager is concerned with issues of scheduling, performing administrative tasks such as giving performance reviews to workers, and job task assignment. These are the more foundational aspects of management which suggests that the managerial role is simply one of coordination and authority. At Citigroup, there are many managers with a centralized command hierarchy where instructions are delivered from the top-down and compliance is expected. Managers are constantly scrutinizing employees work habits to ensure they are performing to the task at hand. This does not require much of a leadership

Change Management at Netflix

Change Management at Netflix Organizations That Manage Change Well: Netflix’s Constant Evolution â€Å"The only constant in life is change†, a quote by the philosopher Heraclitus in 400 B.C.E remains true today (Graham, 2007). Whether it be in response to a major event or discovery that shakes an organization’s core function, or simply in accordance to incremental transformations, change is inevitable for all organizations. While some organizations experience the pressures of change more often than others, all organization’s must recognize, anticipate, and plan for external change forces, as well as set forth internal organizational changes to remain relevant and competitive in any given industry or field (Chou, 2011). Leaders of organizations must evaluate the industry in which their organization operates within and apply their findings to anticipate possible major changes to minimize disruption, as well as seek new practices and technologies to increase productivity, effectiveness, and overall performance. The adaptability and willingness to change is a co mpany’s greatest competitive advantage. For all organizations, change is a vital and ongoing process, which if implemented and managed correctly, allows an organization to evolve with modern changes and remain successful within their field. Being adaptable and ready for change is a company’s greatest competitive advantage when operating in today’s the rapid and constantly changing global market (Anderson, 1991). This increased presence of change must be met by highly skilled and organized leaders who use methods and strategies to successfully manage changes and their implications (Chou, 2001). One company that has gained and maintained mass success due to their adaptability and forward-thinking methods is Netflix – United States most popular internet streaming service. With over 109 million users, in over  190 countries around the world, streaming more than 125 million hours of TV shows and movies streaming per day as of 2017, Netflix is the world’s leading internet entertainment subscription streaming service. The streaming service offers users the ability to stream network and original television series, documentaries, and feature films. The service allows members to watch as much as they want, when they want, and where they want – with service access on nearly any  internet-connected  screen. Members are able to play, pause and resume watching, all without commercials or commitments (Netflix, 2016). The company was founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in September of 1997 in Scotts Valley, California. The now tenth largest internet company when based on revenue, began as a DVD rental by mail delivery service and has continued to change and adapt its business models and according strategies to external and internal factors ever since its startup (Netflix, 2016). Change has the capacity to better an organization or demise of it. When change is handled and managed successfully, success and growth will result. Netflix’s success, and Blockbuster’s eventual demise are examples of how organizations offering similar products and services can either thrive or fail in the face of external technological and industrial changes. During Netflix’s initial years of operation, both Netflix and Blockbuster offered physical hard copy movie rentals. Blockbuster, which had seamlessly survived the change from VHS to DVD technology, provided its services by means of retail locations where costumers could browse movie options on shelves, make their selection, and pay the initial fee based on various factors such as how recently the film was released, or how many nights the customer wished to rent it for. Originally, Netflix used a similar business model as Blockbuster, basing their services on pay per rental basis, but rather than having retail locations, Netflix customers would go to the company’s website to make their rental selection, that would then be mailed to the customer’s home. However, after a short initial trial of this original method and receiving lackluster response, Netflix introduced a subscription feature to its business model. Subscription members could rent a movie, keep it for however long they wished or return it to rent another for one monthly fee – allowing members to rent as many movies as they wished for one fixed price (Lotz, 2017). The differentiation this created between the two companies’ business models began Netflix’s success in the industry and its domination over its indirect competitors, such as Blockbuster. Blockbuster was heavily dependent on revenues generated from hefty late fees to create a large portion of their revenue as part of their business model. Netflix could charge less for their services, and eliminate late fees from their business model due to their decreased cost of operations. Netflix’s consumer-friendly model of no late fees, low cost and wide media selection overpowered the immediate convenience of going to a corner store to pick up a movie for a night for many consumers (Satel, 2014). By April of 2003, Netflix had reached one million subscribers. Blockbuster launched its response to Netflix’s competitive threat by implementing an online unlimited rental subscription service for the fixed price of $19.99 per month in August of 2004, but by this time Netflix had already established its place and customer base in the market, impeding on Blockbuster’s venture potential (Satel, 2014). Netflix’s initial DVD rental by mail delivery service began stealing market share in the entertainment industry, respectively due to its adaptable business model to fit a niche consumer need. However, Netflix achieved the success that it has today by anticipating and adapting to a major upcoming change that was recognized at the time of its founding. This massive change was the internet and its possibly infinite capabilities. Netflix’s founder, Reed Hastings, stated that he originally dubbed his company the name ‘Netflix’ because even in 1998 he had recognized the potential of the world-wide web. Reed one day he expected, and hoped, that his company would be offering DVD rentals by means of an online streaming service, therefore he wanted to name the company something that complied with its eventual fate (Fortune.com, 2009). Netflix was created at the time of the wide spread adoption of the DVD, founders of the company, Reed and Marc, even tested their initial mailing DVD service idea by mailing a CD-Rom back to themselves because they did not yet own an actual DVD. The founders expected that just like VHS – DVDs would be around for a long time, but anticipated and prepared for the day that they were not. The company’s name and its origin highlight how Netflix as an organization was not only ready for change disruption, but waiting for it from the very beginning. In 2007, Netflix launched the company’s online streaming service. Subscribers were still able to continue mail order DVD rentals, but could also stream a limited number of hours online – all for the fixed monthly subscription price (Huffington Post, 2015). This was the result due to the change of available technology and consumer wants. Just like ten years before when the switch was made from VHS to DVD, the next change was ensuing. This was the adoption and availability of high speed internet and portable computers capable of streaming media. In 2010, Netflix began expanding into the global markets. The company first expanded into Canada, then in 2011 moved into various other countries around the world (Lotz, 2017). Competition quickly ensued, not only were other online steaming services becoming available and more widely utilized, such as Hulu and Amazon Prime Video, but television networks were also beginning to offer online streaming subscription services, as streaming services had enabled consumers to cancel or decrease their cable packages while still enjoying media entertainment, just at a lower cost. To maintain and grow their market share and customer base, Netflix began to produce original and exclusive content in the form of series, movies featuring popular actors, and documentaries. Netflix could produce smash hits for their customers because they created shows based on what their users preferred to watch. By using their own website’s analytics of what their members were watching, for how long, when they stopped watching a series or movie, and more. For example, 70% of media being streamed on Netflix by its’ users are television series (Fortune.com, 2009). These observations helped them to produce highly rated, award winning exclusive series, which helped Netflix to keep their existing members and gain new subscribers. Since online streaming subscriptions have a very low switching cost for users, it was vital that Netflix recognized this potential threat and adapted their practices in accordance (Investopedia, 2016). Although not seamlessly achieved, Netflix has gained and maintained its immense amount of success as an online streaming entertainment subscription service by constantly reinventing itself in accordance to changes in technology, regulation, and consumer wants – all while also creating and pioneering changes within their industry to meet and anticipate the needs of the stakeholder (Management Help, n.d.). This has been achieved by having adaptable and separate business models for each business function, each with their own strategy. These organizational changes would not have successfully occurred without the proper internal implementation, and management of change. Devising the best strategic and tactical plans is essential for success, but cannot be achieved without an in-depth understanding of the human side of change management. This refers to the alignment of the company’s culture, values, behaviors and people to encourage the desired results.   Managing change is a complex, dynamic, and challenging process (Mabey, 1993). It is never a choice between technological or people-oriented solutions, but a combination of both (Bullman, 2000). Effective change has been characterized as unfreezing old behaviors, introducing new ones, and re-freezing the new (Mosca, 2011). Successful organizational change begins at the top. An organization’s leaders and upper management must have a clear and concise understanding of the change that is occurring and be able to clearly articulate it. In times of change and uncertainty, all eyes go to the organization’s leaders for strength and direction.   Leaders must be aligned with one another and moving in the same direction towards the common goal. Next, the case for the change must be clearly laid out. A clear explanation of what changes will occur and why they are necessary must be communicated to every layer within the organization. In times of change, it is essential for all members of the organization to know what is expected of them so that feelings of insecurity and confusion, feelings which can lead to resistance to and denunciation of the change, can be calmed.   A multitude of various factors are associated with failure rates when it comes to succeeding in change management. Even if change is endorsed by management, an ill-conceived implementation plan, lack of commitment from an organization’s leaders, and limited utilization or integration of already existing systems and processes within the organization can lead to the failure to accept and adapt to organizational changes (Mariotti, 1998). Another important aspect of successful change management is knowing the values that matter to the organization and the overall goals the organization wants to achieve. Focusing on reacting to those opportunities for change relevant to overall organizational goals, as opposed to reacting to every invitation for change, helps companies to make smart and practical decisions (Mosca, 2011). Due to globalization and overall resource development, new forces and opportunities for change are occurring more rapidly than ever, it is important to develop responses and proactive actions that align according to an organization’s, or their stakeholder’s needs (Bataldon, 1998). Constant change with a lack of reasoning leads to negative organizational performance, as unnecessary change is a drain on company resources, including financial, and human alike. Large organizations, which employ a high number of employees, will not perform as they become exceedingly bureaucratic. As stated by Steiner, organizations that are known to be bureaucratized and hierarchical are less flexible, and less willing to change, as well as less likely to empower their staff (Steiner, 2001). Organizations will not get full value from their employees if they insist that employees do only what they are told. Therefore, leaders must learn how to manage change, to move forward with successfully. There is no one best way to manage change in an organization. Organizations must introduce approaches to organizational change which matches their specific needs, and requirements (Mosca, 2011) Netflix as an organization has demonstrated their capabilities of successful change management based on their multitude of major changes evident throughout the company’s existence. Netflix has been able to achieve this by their unique and somewhat unprecedented organizational culture. Netflix, although a large organization with nearly five thousand employees (Statista, 2016), is not a typical industrial firm, which is what many of today’s traditional organizational theory and practices are based on, but rather is a creative firm. The difference between the two is substantial – industrial firms thrive on reducing variation, or reducing errors, while creative firms thrive by increasing variation, as stated by the company’s founder and current CEO, Reed Hastings (McCord, 2015). Due to this difference of firm variety, Netflix must create and adhere to different organizational methods relevant to their newer and less common style of business – creative. Netflix’s core culture concept is based on open and honest communication between all levels and in every aspect of the firm’s function. Netflix does not have set vacation policies, rather they encourage employees to decide their own appropriate amount of vacation, when they wish to take it and communicate this to their managers. To encourage employees to utilize this policy, upper management is encouraged to set a precedent by taking vacation time themselves and communicating that to their employees. The CEO even reportedly taking four different week-long vacations in 2015. However, this concept is also protected from abuse by Netflix’s next major culture feature. This is the notion of their compensation method. Results are rewarded, but effort producing no result is not. If an employee, although at one time was extremely valuable and well liked, no longer fits Netflix’s changing needs, they will be given an honest explanation and very generous severance package. Netflix has found that by focusing on building the best team by having the best talent has enabled them to continue to adapt and evolve as a company. Once an employee can no longer benefit the company, they are able to bring in new talent to keep company moving forward. Employees of Netflix understand this concept upon being hired, which is why almost all severed employees are understanding and accepting of their termination. Netflix believes in trusting in the hired talent to complete the given tasks in the best way the talent sees fit. Netflix giving their employees the freedom of autonomy allows for flexibility, and innately eliminates the issues resulting from bureaucratic or hierarchical structure, something that can often arise in a firm of Netflix’s size (Mosca, 2011). Netflix found that by replacing rules with transparency, accountability, and trust, overall productivity and performance improves, and expenses decrease. Netflix believes in hiring good, talented people – letting common sense and acting in the best interest of the company guide employee behavior (McCord, 2015). Due to new technology, regulatory changes, societal or stakeholder expectations, as well as competitors – rule-driven organizations, operating within a rapidly changing industry, are unable to keep up with the constant adaption required to gain or remain successful, losing customers and market share to those organizations that do have the capability to evolve. Netflix maintains its ability to change through its organizational culture concept – freedom and responsibility. The company invests in hiring the best possible talent, and rewards high-performer – weeding out continuous, unimproved low performers. References Graham, D. W. (2007, February 08). Heraclitus. Retrieved October 25, 2017, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heraclitus/ Anderson, P., & Tushman, M. (1991). MANAGING THROUGH CYCLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE. Research Technology Management, 34(3), 26-31. Chou, & Zolkiewski. (2011). Managing resource interaction as a means to cope with technological change. Journal of Business Research, Journal of Business Research. Mabey C. Mayon-White. (1993). Managing change. 2nd ed. The Open University: Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd. Davies C, Finlay L, Bullman A. (2000). Changing Practice in health and social care. The Open University: SAGE Publication. Rosenberg, S., & Mosca, J. (2011). Breaking down the barriers to organizational change. International Journal of Management and Information Systems, 15(3), 139. Overview. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2017, from https://ir.netflix.com/ Lotz, A. (2017, October 26). The unique strategy Netflix deployed to reach 90 million worldwide subscribers. Retrieved October 27, 2017, from http://theconversation.com/the-unique-strategy-netflix-deployed-to-reach-90-million-worldwide-subscribers-74885 Mariotti J. (1998). 10 steps to positive change. Ind Week. How Netflix got started. (2009, January 27). Retrieved October 26, 2017, from http://archive.fortune.com/2009/01/27/news/newsmakers/hastings_netflix.fortune/index.htm I. (2016, January 12). Netflix: Porters 5 Forces Analysis. Retrieved October 26, 2017, from http://www.investopedia.com/university/netflix-porters-5-forces-analysis/ Netflix: employee count 2016 | Statistic. Retrieved October 26, 2017, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/587671/netflix-employees/ Organizational Change and Development (Managing Change and Change Management). (n.d.). Retrieved October 26, 2017, from https://managementhelp.org/organizationalchange/#anchor61645 McCord, P. (2014). How netflix reinvented HR. Harvard Business Review, 92(1), 71-76. One Huge Reason For Netflixs Success. (2015, March 03). Retrieved October 27, 2017, from http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/netflix-culture-deck-success_n_6763716 Satell, G. (2014, September 21). A Look Back At Why Blockbuster Really Failed And Why It Didnt Have To. Retrieved October 26, 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/gregsatell/2014/09/05/a-look-back-at-why-blockbuster-really-failed-and-why-it-didnt-have-to/#2054abeb1d64

Brown v. Board of Education and Multiculturalism Essay -- Education

On May 17, 1954, in the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education, the High Court, for the first time in American legal history, challenged the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine previously established in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and outlawed racial segregation in public schools. The decision, igniting fierce debates throughout the country, was met with violence and strong defiance in the South. The years after Brown, however, saw the passing of several important Acts: the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. Today, Americans remember Brown v. Board of Education as a success in African Americans’ struggle for equal rights, a change of sea tide for the civil rights movement. While Brown deserves its place in American History Books, its direct product – desegregation – is not the ultimate solution to the education for African Americans. Desegregation only amends the system of education. America h as to reassess the word â€Å"education,† for black Americans and other minority groups to achieve a real equal education. In Supreme Court’s opinion on Brown v. Board, Chief Justice Earl Warren says, â€Å"We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal† (â€Å"Brown v. Board of Education† 307). While scholars may argue that Supreme Court’s reversal on its previous ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson was abrupt and unexplained (Balkin 11), Supreme Court’s position that segregation in education is â€Å"separate and unequal† was irrefutable. Segregation in education had a long history against the interests of African Americans. For numerical examples, in 1898, the state of Florida spent $5.92 on every ... ...for Education Statistics. Long-Term Trends in Student Reading Performance. Jan. 1998. Web. 2 May 2009. . United States. National Center for Education Statistics. Long-Term Trends in Student Mathematics Performance. Sep. 1998. Web. 2 May 2009. . United States. National Center for Education Statistics. Long-Term Trends in Student Science Performance. Sep. 1998. Web. 2 May 2009. . United States. National Center for Education Statistics. NAEP Data Tool v3.0. Web. 4 May 2009. . â€Å"Vital Statistics.† The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education Winter 2003/2003. Web. 3 May 2009. . â€Å"What Negroes Want Now.† U.S. News & World Report 28 May 1954: 54-59.

How did the “Doctrine of Empiricism” change the way artists created art?

The term â€Å"empiricism† has a dual etymology, stemming both from the Greek word for â€Å"experience†. (http://www. philosophybasics. com/branch_empiricism. html) The â€Å"Doctrine of Empiricism† changed the way artists created art. They went from an open-minded outlook on the way to express art to a more structured view. It vanished the idea of metaphysical, tradition, and myth and replaced it with critical thought, and the scientific method of experimentation and the knowledge through empirical data. (The Enlightenment) A philosopher that well represents empiricism was John Locke. Portrait of John Locke, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Oil on canvas. 76Ãâ€"64 cm. Britain, 1697. Source of Entry: Collection of Sir Robert Walpole, Houghton Hall, 1779 Locke believed that everyone was born with a â€Å"blank slate† and knowledge was obtained from experience. ( Theory of Knowledge, Empiricism) That changed the way artists created art because it gave them a more realistic view on how to express themselves. They took what they already knew and have experienced and started a whole new perception. Although this whole concept was new to everyone, not everyone agreed. Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued the idea of perfection in progress and knowledge, but he still presented acceptable ideas because the philosophers of this period argued for the perfection of the natural. (The Enlightenment) Leonardo Da Vinci was an advocate for careful empirical observation and an early version of the scientific method, making him important to the development of both science and skepticism. Leonardo's emphasis on observation and empirical science was not separate from his art. ( Leonardo Da Vinci ; Science, Observation, Empiricism, and Mathematics) Vitruvius: Vitruvian Man, by Leonardo Da Vinci, 1490 The Vitruvian Man was created using contour lines. The detail and shading is limited but portrays his interest in proportion and science. Da Vinci put a visual emphasis on the body itself using shapes to create what acts as a border. Empiricism was a breakthrough in the late 17th century and during the 18th. It took the endless possibilities of art and gave everything a new perspective. It is the theory in which everything comes from experience and evidence. It changed the way artists created art by giving them some insight and background before they ventured off into the divine world of art. Works Cited http://www.theoryofknowledge.info/sources-of-knowledge/empiricism/ The Neoclassical (The Enlightenment) http://myeclassonline.com http://www.philosophybasics.com/branch_empiricism.html http://atheism.about.com/od/imagegalleries/ig/Leonardo-Da-Vinci/Virtuvius–Leonardo-Da-Vinci.htm

Anna Freud essays

Anna Freud essays My name is Anna Freud and I was born on December 3 1895 to Martha and Sigmund Freud. I was considered to the founder of child psychoanalysis. I began schooling at the age of 6, in 1901.I loved to read and write but I didnt really learn much in school. When I was 14, I read one of my fathers books for the first time. I wrote him a letter telling him I was not horrified, but extremely interested in what he was studying. After becoming an elementary teacher and moved to England. In 1914, she began asking her father for the clarification of his psychoanalytic terms. This is the first time she became directly related with his work. In 1920 my sister Sophie became ill with influenza and was killed. This forced me to give up my teaching position permanently. In 1922 I was eager to become a member of the International Psychoanalytic Congress. It was required to an analysis of a patient. Since I did not have any patients I decided to give a self-analysis. I was then accepted in to the practice and immediately began traveling throughout Berlin to set up a practice. In 1925 I was on the executive board of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute. From 1934-1936 I spent the majority of my leisure time writing The Ego and Mechanisms of Defense. This focused on ego began a movement in the psychoanalytic circles, called ego psychology. In 1940 I set up the Anna Freud Centre to focus on children illnesses. It is now the worlds leading clinic for psychoanalytic child psychotherapy, dedicated to the well being of children and their families. ...

A Day In The Life Of A Pharisee Religion Essays

A Day In The Life Of A Pharisee Religion Essays A Day In The Life Of A Pharisee Religion Essay A Day In The Life Of A Pharisee Religion Essay To be a good Jew is to hold a vision and end to accomplish the ultimate degree of sanctity in the eyes of God. Jesus of Nazareth was a Jew, and during his life-time at that place emerged many different groups whose ultimate end was to follow and set into pattern what God expected of his people. Among these, there stood three major groups known as the Pharisees, Sadducees and Essenes. In effort to be a painstaking first century Jew, in comparing to the other groups, I feel as though the Pharisees hold the most appealing place in footings of populating a echt and legitimate spiritual life. During the clip of first century Judaism, many groups conformed to his instructions nevertheless many made an effort to dispute his judgement. Steping into the Hasmonean period, sometime before 135 BCE, in footings of societal category, the Pharisees arose as a group more applicable to a common people nevertheless it did consist of a few priests ( Sanders, 44 ) . Sing my topographic point in society in the twentieth Century, I believe it would be accurate to presume that in Jesus life-time, I could put myself among the common mans instead than portion of the elite. This minor item plays a portion in my determination of taking the Pharisees as an appealing group to be portion of. Granted the fact that they are of my societal standing, they would be able to associate to my demands best therefore we would portion many of the same spiritual and political positions. In a manner, during the Hasmonean Dynasty, the Pharisees could be described as spiritual instructors of the jurisprudence . Theologically, the Pharisees shared common Judaic orthodoxy ( Sanders 44 ) , believing in Israel as the chosen state, the jurisprudence in which was given to Moses, and the construct of penitence and forgiveness. As these beliefs were shared among the mean Jews of the clip, it makes sense as to why a first century Jews, every bit good as myself, would turn to the Pharisees as spiritual instructors. The Hebrew word for Pharisees is Perushim, intending those who have a inclination to retreat or to divide themselves. One could presume this name could associate to the Pharisaic manner of life which dictated a rigorous separation from all dross and dirty nutrients ( Isaacson 24 ) . However it could correlate with the world that the Pharisees do non portion one uniform position on things ; therefore there were two groups of Pharisees, The Shammai and the Hillel. Inevitably, amongst these two groups there were dissensions. The Shammai stood on the conservative left flying side of the spectrum while The Hillel held a more broad place. Basically, the Shammai followed a more rigorous and avid observation of the jurisprudence. They were powerful up until 68 BCE and they educated blue, affluent households over a longer period of clip. The Hillel became more widely known after 68 AD. They appealed more to the involvement of those in lower categories because they demanded preparation and d id non hold such a actual apprehension of the jurisprudence. In my sentiment it is inevitable for differences to happen among different categories of society particularly sing similar traditions. However the two groups of Pharisees still managed to set their differences aside and allow exogamy. This is a premier illustration of something that Jesus would promote people to make, and because the Pharisees could admit this, is another ground why as a first century Jew I would happen them an admirable group to follow with. Equally good as being sacredly linked with the in-between category people of society, the Pharisees continued the tradition of Scribes and the work forces of Great Assembly ( Isaacson 240 ) . Merely as the Scribes did, the Pharisees believed in the authorization of unwritten tradition every bit good as the Torah. They besides maintained the impression of hereafter every bit good as believing that God would direct a Messiah to make peace over the universe. In malice of this, it is of import to understand that the society of Judea developed over clip and the Pharisees helped steer this development by making new Torahs every bit good come oning the temple and temple. Harmonizing to Josephus they practiced the highest ideals both in their manner of life and in their discourse ( Sanders, 44 ) . The Pharisees did non neglect to understand the importance of Laws already formed by their predecessors but they initiated alteration in the developing Judea society by adding new Torahs for the people every bit good as taking a non-literal attack to Biblical Law. They closely followed the philosophy of immortality hence Torahs such as an oculus for an oculus were explained in an attack that could be more comparable to the current fortunes of the people. In their attempt to make new Torahs for more modern twenty-four hours society, they formed a pureness regulation in respects to the Mosaic Law. This is a jurisprudence in which one is required to bathe in order to take drosss before come ining the temple. The Pharisees instructed people to rinse their custodies before the Sabbath and holy repasts, and this finally led Jews to rinse their custodies before every repast in order to rinse away drosss. Because of their dedication to the religionism of the people, the Pharisees were good liked amongst Hebrews that populated their communities. It is said that although the Jews made particular regulations for them to follow, they did non coerce them on everyone else ( Sanders 44 ) . I can appreciate that the Pharisees were overall seeking to break the Jewish community nevertheless they did non seek to implement their traditions on others. In the 2nd century the Pharisees improved the Judaic Temple with the development of the temple every bit good as the enforcement of unwritten traditions to those who resided within their communities. The Pharisees greatly appreciated the written jurisprudence nevertheless they held near to them the unwritten instructions of their bow male parents. As a instructor to the people, the Pharisees did non inquiry that which was passed down to them ; they merely interpreted these traditions and passed it down orally to the people. The Pharisees wished to encompass the whole people peculiarly through instruction. It was their desire and purpose that everyone in Israel achieve sanctity through the survey of the Torah ( The Maccabees 93 ) . The Pharisees cared about the temple development as a whole in a manner that fit the demands of current society. Not merely did the Pharisees non hinder their thoughts on the Jews of the clip, they respected that society is ever altering. With this, the P harisees created the temple to be a topographic point that fit into the life of a common man. As a Jew at the clip, I could turn to the Pharisaic motion to assist me understand and pattern my religion in a manner that I could outdo relate to. Along with the Pharisees, the Sadducees were among the earliest groups to organize during the Hasmonean dynasty. For the most portion, the Pharisees and the Sadducees were seen as resistance to each other politically and sacredly. The word Sadducee is believed to hold originated from Zadok, Solomon s High Priest. This description seems justifiable given the fact that the Sadducee s consisted of members of the blue, conservative, elect standing of society. The Pharisees were more popular as they attracted the common mans of society, the Sadducees were a minority that held great power over Kings and embraced Hellenization, coercing Grecian civilization upon society. One of the biggest struggles between these two groups involved the fact that the Sadducees rejected the philosophy of immortality. The Sadducees took a actual attack to the written jurisprudence, following it word for word where as the Pharisees were unfastened to reading of the Torah. The Sadducees did non believe in aft er life hence non seeing the importance of the unwritten jurisprudence. As a consequence, they rejected new Torahs and inventions which the Pharisees introduced in response to historical necessity ( Isaacson 240 ) . In respects to the temple, the Sadducees viewed it as untouchable, finally denying the Pharisaic effort to develop and incorporate new thoughts into the temple. Evidentially the two groups were at changeless dissension with each other and this lead to tenseness within the 2nd temple epoch. Finally, a civil war broke out during the Hasmonean dynasty ostracizing the Sadducees as a whole go forthing merely the Pharisees to to the full retrieve. Given these facts I would non hold wanted to be a Sadducee due to their involuntariness to accept that society is everlastingly altering and hence observation of the jurisprudence needed to alter with it. I do non happen it appealing that they were merely considerate to the demands of those higher up in society and possibly this is why they were unable to recover power afterwards.

Week4-4dq4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week4-4dq4 - Essay Example There are different schools of thought on the subject. Some people feel that Open Source is actually much more dependable than conventional software, in that with more developers involved in it, there is a better chance for more perfect software. However, Gacek (2004) reports that is a fallacy and stereotype in of itself. In addition, she argues that another perceived problem is most Open Source is conceived by some hacker and it was usually mostly available for generally unpopular platforms such as Linux. The truth is, even at the time of her writing, only six years after Open Source came to be, many businesses actually employ software people to develop OS code. Moreover, since the paper, Windows based OS has overtaken Linux. One would probably say Microsoft has a vested interest in keeping Open Source off the software market. So it was interesting that one of the company’s chief engineers gave an interview with the BBC in 2006 (Marson), in which he stated that although OS has its place in society, most people consider the products substandard as compared to commercial software such as his company’s products. One of the most popular and prolific OS products today is Mozilla’s Firefox browser, a direct competitor to Microsoft’s Internet Explorer, with Google’s Chrome. In a side by side comparison of the two (Smith 2011), Firefox won handily in Appearance, Interface and Add ons. For the other categories, such as reliability, performance and industry standard IE and Firefox tied. IE did not win in any category. Therefore, it appears that the engineer’s remarks are wrong and today OS can be as dependable as commercial. As with any other venture, software projects have myriad of risks associated with them. Done right and the project team will be the darling of the company. However, if they fail, not only is it embarrassing but said failure could very well result in career loss. So for the purposes of