3 Examples of Proper Attribution of Quotations

3 Examples of Proper Attribution of Quotations 3 Examples of Proper Attribution of Quotations 3 Examples of Proper Attribution of Quotations By Mark Nichol 1. â€Å"‘Of the 230 companies we inventoried in 1984, 54 had gone out of business or been taken over by 1987. From 1981 to 1994, we lost 84 percent,’ said Smith.† Interrupt a quotation of more than one sentence with an attribution following the first sentence to avoid a delay in identifying the speaker or writer: â€Å"’Of the 230 companies we inventoried in 1984, 54 had gone out of business or been taken over by 1987,’ said Smith. ‘From 1981 to 1994, we lost 84 percent.’† 2. â€Å"Echoing the thoughts of his fellow players, Jones perhaps said it best, ‘We never wanted to disappoint him under any circumstances.’† When an attribution consists of a complete thought that sets up the quotation that follows, use a colon rather than a comma, to set the attribution off from the quotation: â€Å"Echoing the thoughts of his fellow players, Jones perhaps said it best: ‘We never wanted to disappoint him under any circumstances.’† 3. â€Å"And while bin Laden’s killing has dealt a crippling blow to his terrorist organization, she said, ‘Nobody should believe individual al Qaeda leaders cannot be replaced.’† To provide context for the quotation, the writer has added the paraphrased dependent clause preceding the attribution, uniting the clause and the quotation into an extended sentence. Because this sentence no longer begins with nobody, the word is no longer capitalized: â€Å"And while bin Laden’s killing has dealt a crippling blow to his terrorist organization, she said, ‘nobody should believe individual al Qaeda leaders cannot be replaced.’† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidAbstract Nouns from Adjectives15 English Words of Indian Origin

Banco Popular a Company Overview on Banking essays

Banco Popular a Company Overview on Banking essays Banco Popular is the third largest commercial banking company in Spain. While Spain is the base and the largest market for Banco Popular, the institution has operating facilities in several other European countries, as well as joint operating agreements to provide banking services in Mexico and some South American countries (Banco Popular, 2004). This overview of Banco Popular includes the history of the banking institution and a description of the markets in which the bank participates. The opportunities available to Banco Popular in the markets in which it participates are discussed. The effects of government regulations on the operation of the bank are considered. The performance of the bank (with a primary focus on financial performance) is reviewed. Banco Popular was founded in 1926 in Madrid, Spain as Banco Popular Espaňol. Within the Spanish market, Banco Popular operates as a national bank with headquarters in Madrid where it operates under the name Banco Popular. Banco Popular also operates five regional banks in the Spanish market under the names Banco de Andaluc, Banco de Castilla, Banco de Crdito Balear, Banco de Vasconia, Banco de Galicia (Banco Popular, 2004). Operations were established in the French in Paris in 1968, and, in 1991, the operation in Paris was expanded to 14 other locations in France. The company's operations in France were reorganized as Banco Popular France, which now operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Banco Popular In 2000 Banco Popular established a network of commercial banking branches in the Portuguese market. The bank expanded its operations in Portugal in 2002, with the acquisition of Banco Nacional de Crdito Inmobiliario (BNCI). Banco Popular merged its existing banking operations in Portugal into BNCI, which now operates as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Banco Popular al...

Communication in Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Communication in Economics - Essay Example omic policy is based on the pioneering work of many economists who are of the view that raising income taxes specially and taxes generally are beneficial to the long term viability of the economy. It means raising income taxes will ensure that our future generations will have strong economy to build on when they will find that they money their forefathers have sacrificed in creating and developing the economic infrastructure of this very great country of ours. I must tell you, ladies and gentlemen, that cutting taxes means curtailing essential services like curtailing school hours, less Medicaid as well as result in tuition fees at public universities if government’s targets for raising the targeted revenue is not achieved and as for as I know, lowering income taxes is one of the biggest contributors towards not achieving the revenue targets by the government. Ladies and gentlemen, the current recession which our country is facing due to issues like credit crunch caused by sub-prime mortgage market can really be avoided if government increase fiscal expansion and fiscal expansion can only be achieved if we raise taxes so that money raised through these taxes is ploughed back into our economy to make this economy running on solid footings again. I also would like to point out towards the economic theories of Herbert Hoover who advocated the balancing of budgets in short term despite the facts that this can damage the economy. In a sluggish economy the only option left to economy is to increase the demand for goods and services. Due to sluggishness of the economy, firms tend to carry over excess capacities therefore in order to reduce these excess capacities, the demand for good and services need to increase. However, raising income taxes in such a way that those earning in higher bracket are taxed higher so that those are in the lower inco me groups can benefits of the distribution of nation’s wealth without sacrificing cuts in government spending on essential

Luxury Branding and The Online Shopping Environment Essay

Luxury Branding and The Online Shopping Environment - Essay Example The researcher states that luxury branding utilizes the experience and loyalty to sell fantasy to target customers. Companies offer exclusivity and distinction in order to create a lasting perception of the brands. The emotional relationship between the customer and the luxury product will determine the level of willingness to purchase a product or service. Miller and Mills argue that the functional benefits of the brands may not play a significant role in the management of the luxury brands. A framework of luxury brands in the 21st Century involves a number of products that consists primarily of beauty, beverages, jewelry, automobiles, property and fashion products. The brands depend mainly on the opinion of the public and its relevance to the luxury consumers. Consumers are engaging in symbolic consumption due to the similarity between the personality of the luxury brand and end users. There has been increased interest in the brand personality concept because of the perceived symbo lic benefits in luxury brands. The consumption of luxury brands occurs through a transition similar to Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. Acquisition of luxury automobiles entails a transition from the basic car, through utility, quality, and premium to the luxury. A consumer with a luxurious personality would prefer a Rolls Royce as opposed to a basic Dodge model. An emphasis on taking advantage of the customer is vital to creating strong symbolic brand identities. Luxury brands defy the conventional marketing models. The marketing process is a paradox for many companies due to a great emphasis on high prices, quality, and publicity. Creation of brands that are highly visible in the marketplace is a top priority for firms producing luxury products. A model for brand concept entails high brand awareness with a high perception of quality.

Citi Group Financial Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Citi Group Financial - Research Proposal Example A leader continuously inspires quality relationships with others in the organization and, as much as possible, conforms to the expectations of corporate policy as a pinnacle of ethics and integrity. At Citigroup, there are several individuals with leadership qualities who have performed excellence in financial services and, simply by being rewarded for their performance, they achieved leadership status by inspiring others to act similarly in the business environment. In groups, a leader is often the task coordinator and acts as a mediator in various discussions between diverse group members. This view of the leadership role suggests a person who is equipped to handle multiple responsibilities and ensure that all members of the project team are focused and positive. Rather than delegating their individual tasks, the leader simply acts as the catalyst for social order and positive discussion. Citigroup regularly appoints leaders to different financial groups, generally selecting those who continuously provide excellence in communication and customer service. In most organizations, a manager is an individual who is responsible for coordinating the efforts of various subordinate staff members to ensure they are performing their unique job functions. A manager is concerned with issues of scheduling, performing administrative tasks such as giving performance reviews to workers, and job task assignment. These are the more foundational aspects of management which suggests that the managerial role is simply one of coordination and authority. At Citigroup, there are many managers with a centralized command hierarchy where instructions are delivered from the top-down and compliance is expected. Managers are constantly scrutinizing employees work habits to ensure they are performing to the task at hand. This does not require much of a leadership

Change Management at Netflix

Change Management at Netflix Organizations That Manage Change Well: Netflix’s Constant Evolution â€Å"The only constant in life is change†, a quote by the philosopher Heraclitus in 400 B.C.E remains true today (Graham, 2007). Whether it be in response to a major event or discovery that shakes an organization’s core function, or simply in accordance to incremental transformations, change is inevitable for all organizations. While some organizations experience the pressures of change more often than others, all organization’s must recognize, anticipate, and plan for external change forces, as well as set forth internal organizational changes to remain relevant and competitive in any given industry or field (Chou, 2011). Leaders of organizations must evaluate the industry in which their organization operates within and apply their findings to anticipate possible major changes to minimize disruption, as well as seek new practices and technologies to increase productivity, effectiveness, and overall performance. The adaptability and willingness to change is a co mpany’s greatest competitive advantage. For all organizations, change is a vital and ongoing process, which if implemented and managed correctly, allows an organization to evolve with modern changes and remain successful within their field. Being adaptable and ready for change is a company’s greatest competitive advantage when operating in today’s the rapid and constantly changing global market (Anderson, 1991). This increased presence of change must be met by highly skilled and organized leaders who use methods and strategies to successfully manage changes and their implications (Chou, 2001). One company that has gained and maintained mass success due to their adaptability and forward-thinking methods is Netflix – United States most popular internet streaming service. With over 109 million users, in over  190 countries around the world, streaming more than 125 million hours of TV shows and movies streaming per day as of 2017, Netflix is the world’s leading internet entertainment subscription streaming service. The streaming service offers users the ability to stream network and original television series, documentaries, and feature films. The service allows members to watch as much as they want, when they want, and where they want – with service access on nearly any  internet-connected  screen. Members are able to play, pause and resume watching, all without commercials or commitments (Netflix, 2016). The company was founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in September of 1997 in Scotts Valley, California. The now tenth largest internet company when based on revenue, began as a DVD rental by mail delivery service and has continued to change and adapt its business models and according strategies to external and internal factors ever since its startup (Netflix, 2016). Change has the capacity to better an organization or demise of it. When change is handled and managed successfully, success and growth will result. Netflix’s success, and Blockbuster’s eventual demise are examples of how organizations offering similar products and services can either thrive or fail in the face of external technological and industrial changes. During Netflix’s initial years of operation, both Netflix and Blockbuster offered physical hard copy movie rentals. Blockbuster, which had seamlessly survived the change from VHS to DVD technology, provided its services by means of retail locations where costumers could browse movie options on shelves, make their selection, and pay the initial fee based on various factors such as how recently the film was released, or how many nights the customer wished to rent it for. Originally, Netflix used a similar business model as Blockbuster, basing their services on pay per rental basis, but rather than having retail locations, Netflix customers would go to the company’s website to make their rental selection, that would then be mailed to the customer’s home. However, after a short initial trial of this original method and receiving lackluster response, Netflix introduced a subscription feature to its business model. Subscription members could rent a movie, keep it for however long they wished or return it to rent another for one monthly fee – allowing members to rent as many movies as they wished for one fixed price (Lotz, 2017). The differentiation this created between the two companies’ business models began Netflix’s success in the industry and its domination over its indirect competitors, such as Blockbuster. Blockbuster was heavily dependent on revenues generated from hefty late fees to create a large portion of their revenue as part of their business model. Netflix could charge less for their services, and eliminate late fees from their business model due to their decreased cost of operations. Netflix’s consumer-friendly model of no late fees, low cost and wide media selection overpowered the immediate convenience of going to a corner store to pick up a movie for a night for many consumers (Satel, 2014). By April of 2003, Netflix had reached one million subscribers. Blockbuster launched its response to Netflix’s competitive threat by implementing an online unlimited rental subscription service for the fixed price of $19.99 per month in August of 2004, but by this time Netflix had already established its place and customer base in the market, impeding on Blockbuster’s venture potential (Satel, 2014). Netflix’s initial DVD rental by mail delivery service began stealing market share in the entertainment industry, respectively due to its adaptable business model to fit a niche consumer need. However, Netflix achieved the success that it has today by anticipating and adapting to a major upcoming change that was recognized at the time of its founding. This massive change was the internet and its possibly infinite capabilities. Netflix’s founder, Reed Hastings, stated that he originally dubbed his company the name ‘Netflix’ because even in 1998 he had recognized the potential of the world-wide web. Reed one day he expected, and hoped, that his company would be offering DVD rentals by means of an online streaming service, therefore he wanted to name the company something that complied with its eventual fate (Fortune.com, 2009). Netflix was created at the time of the wide spread adoption of the DVD, founders of the company, Reed and Marc, even tested their initial mailing DVD service idea by mailing a CD-Rom back to themselves because they did not yet own an actual DVD. The founders expected that just like VHS – DVDs would be around for a long time, but anticipated and prepared for the day that they were not. The company’s name and its origin highlight how Netflix as an organization was not only ready for change disruption, but waiting for it from the very beginning. In 2007, Netflix launched the company’s online streaming service. Subscribers were still able to continue mail order DVD rentals, but could also stream a limited number of hours online – all for the fixed monthly subscription price (Huffington Post, 2015). This was the result due to the change of available technology and consumer wants. Just like ten years before when the switch was made from VHS to DVD, the next change was ensuing. This was the adoption and availability of high speed internet and portable computers capable of streaming media. In 2010, Netflix began expanding into the global markets. The company first expanded into Canada, then in 2011 moved into various other countries around the world (Lotz, 2017). Competition quickly ensued, not only were other online steaming services becoming available and more widely utilized, such as Hulu and Amazon Prime Video, but television networks were also beginning to offer online streaming subscription services, as streaming services had enabled consumers to cancel or decrease their cable packages while still enjoying media entertainment, just at a lower cost. To maintain and grow their market share and customer base, Netflix began to produce original and exclusive content in the form of series, movies featuring popular actors, and documentaries. Netflix could produce smash hits for their customers because they created shows based on what their users preferred to watch. By using their own website’s analytics of what their members were watching, for how long, when they stopped watching a series or movie, and more. For example, 70% of media being streamed on Netflix by its’ users are television series (Fortune.com, 2009). These observations helped them to produce highly rated, award winning exclusive series, which helped Netflix to keep their existing members and gain new subscribers. Since online streaming subscriptions have a very low switching cost for users, it was vital that Netflix recognized this potential threat and adapted their practices in accordance (Investopedia, 2016). Although not seamlessly achieved, Netflix has gained and maintained its immense amount of success as an online streaming entertainment subscription service by constantly reinventing itself in accordance to changes in technology, regulation, and consumer wants – all while also creating and pioneering changes within their industry to meet and anticipate the needs of the stakeholder (Management Help, n.d.). This has been achieved by having adaptable and separate business models for each business function, each with their own strategy. These organizational changes would not have successfully occurred without the proper internal implementation, and management of change. Devising the best strategic and tactical plans is essential for success, but cannot be achieved without an in-depth understanding of the human side of change management. This refers to the alignment of the company’s culture, values, behaviors and people to encourage the desired results.   Managing change is a complex, dynamic, and challenging process (Mabey, 1993). It is never a choice between technological or people-oriented solutions, but a combination of both (Bullman, 2000). Effective change has been characterized as unfreezing old behaviors, introducing new ones, and re-freezing the new (Mosca, 2011). Successful organizational change begins at the top. An organization’s leaders and upper management must have a clear and concise understanding of the change that is occurring and be able to clearly articulate it. In times of change and uncertainty, all eyes go to the organization’s leaders for strength and direction.   Leaders must be aligned with one another and moving in the same direction towards the common goal. Next, the case for the change must be clearly laid out. A clear explanation of what changes will occur and why they are necessary must be communicated to every layer within the organization. In times of change, it is essential for all members of the organization to know what is expected of them so that feelings of insecurity and confusion, feelings which can lead to resistance to and denunciation of the change, can be calmed.   A multitude of various factors are associated with failure rates when it comes to succeeding in change management. Even if change is endorsed by management, an ill-conceived implementation plan, lack of commitment from an organization’s leaders, and limited utilization or integration of already existing systems and processes within the organization can lead to the failure to accept and adapt to organizational changes (Mariotti, 1998). Another important aspect of successful change management is knowing the values that matter to the organization and the overall goals the organization wants to achieve. Focusing on reacting to those opportunities for change relevant to overall organizational goals, as opposed to reacting to every invitation for change, helps companies to make smart and practical decisions (Mosca, 2011). Due to globalization and overall resource development, new forces and opportunities for change are occurring more rapidly than ever, it is important to develop responses and proactive actions that align according to an organization’s, or their stakeholder’s needs (Bataldon, 1998). Constant change with a lack of reasoning leads to negative organizational performance, as unnecessary change is a drain on company resources, including financial, and human alike. Large organizations, which employ a high number of employees, will not perform as they become exceedingly bureaucratic. As stated by Steiner, organizations that are known to be bureaucratized and hierarchical are less flexible, and less willing to change, as well as less likely to empower their staff (Steiner, 2001). Organizations will not get full value from their employees if they insist that employees do only what they are told. Therefore, leaders must learn how to manage change, to move forward with successfully. There is no one best way to manage change in an organization. Organizations must introduce approaches to organizational change which matches their specific needs, and requirements (Mosca, 2011) Netflix as an organization has demonstrated their capabilities of successful change management based on their multitude of major changes evident throughout the company’s existence. Netflix has been able to achieve this by their unique and somewhat unprecedented organizational culture. Netflix, although a large organization with nearly five thousand employees (Statista, 2016), is not a typical industrial firm, which is what many of today’s traditional organizational theory and practices are based on, but rather is a creative firm. The difference between the two is substantial – industrial firms thrive on reducing variation, or reducing errors, while creative firms thrive by increasing variation, as stated by the company’s founder and current CEO, Reed Hastings (McCord, 2015). Due to this difference of firm variety, Netflix must create and adhere to different organizational methods relevant to their newer and less common style of business – creative. Netflix’s core culture concept is based on open and honest communication between all levels and in every aspect of the firm’s function. Netflix does not have set vacation policies, rather they encourage employees to decide their own appropriate amount of vacation, when they wish to take it and communicate this to their managers. To encourage employees to utilize this policy, upper management is encouraged to set a precedent by taking vacation time themselves and communicating that to their employees. The CEO even reportedly taking four different week-long vacations in 2015. However, this concept is also protected from abuse by Netflix’s next major culture feature. This is the notion of their compensation method. Results are rewarded, but effort producing no result is not. If an employee, although at one time was extremely valuable and well liked, no longer fits Netflix’s changing needs, they will be given an honest explanation and very generous severance package. Netflix has found that by focusing on building the best team by having the best talent has enabled them to continue to adapt and evolve as a company. Once an employee can no longer benefit the company, they are able to bring in new talent to keep company moving forward. Employees of Netflix understand this concept upon being hired, which is why almost all severed employees are understanding and accepting of their termination. Netflix believes in trusting in the hired talent to complete the given tasks in the best way the talent sees fit. Netflix giving their employees the freedom of autonomy allows for flexibility, and innately eliminates the issues resulting from bureaucratic or hierarchical structure, something that can often arise in a firm of Netflix’s size (Mosca, 2011). Netflix found that by replacing rules with transparency, accountability, and trust, overall productivity and performance improves, and expenses decrease. Netflix believes in hiring good, talented people – letting common sense and acting in the best interest of the company guide employee behavior (McCord, 2015). Due to new technology, regulatory changes, societal or stakeholder expectations, as well as competitors – rule-driven organizations, operating within a rapidly changing industry, are unable to keep up with the constant adaption required to gain or remain successful, losing customers and market share to those organizations that do have the capability to evolve. Netflix maintains its ability to change through its organizational culture concept – freedom and responsibility. The company invests in hiring the best possible talent, and rewards high-performer – weeding out continuous, unimproved low performers. References Graham, D. W. (2007, February 08). Heraclitus. Retrieved October 25, 2017, from https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heraclitus/ Anderson, P., & Tushman, M. (1991). MANAGING THROUGH CYCLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE. Research Technology Management, 34(3), 26-31. Chou, & Zolkiewski. (2011). Managing resource interaction as a means to cope with technological change. Journal of Business Research, Journal of Business Research. Mabey C. Mayon-White. (1993). Managing change. 2nd ed. The Open University: Paul Chapman Publishing Ltd. Davies C, Finlay L, Bullman A. (2000). Changing Practice in health and social care. The Open University: SAGE Publication. Rosenberg, S., & Mosca, J. (2011). Breaking down the barriers to organizational change. International Journal of Management and Information Systems, 15(3), 139. Overview. (n.d.). Retrieved October 27, 2017, from https://ir.netflix.com/ Lotz, A. (2017, October 26). The unique strategy Netflix deployed to reach 90 million worldwide subscribers. Retrieved October 27, 2017, from http://theconversation.com/the-unique-strategy-netflix-deployed-to-reach-90-million-worldwide-subscribers-74885 Mariotti J. (1998). 10 steps to positive change. Ind Week. How Netflix got started. (2009, January 27). Retrieved October 26, 2017, from http://archive.fortune.com/2009/01/27/news/newsmakers/hastings_netflix.fortune/index.htm I. (2016, January 12). Netflix: Porters 5 Forces Analysis. Retrieved October 26, 2017, from http://www.investopedia.com/university/netflix-porters-5-forces-analysis/ Netflix: employee count 2016 | Statistic. Retrieved October 26, 2017, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/587671/netflix-employees/ Organizational Change and Development (Managing Change and Change Management). (n.d.). Retrieved October 26, 2017, from https://managementhelp.org/organizationalchange/#anchor61645 McCord, P. (2014). How netflix reinvented HR. Harvard Business Review, 92(1), 71-76. One Huge Reason For Netflixs Success. (2015, March 03). Retrieved October 27, 2017, from http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/netflix-culture-deck-success_n_6763716 Satell, G. (2014, September 21). A Look Back At Why Blockbuster Really Failed And Why It Didnt Have To. Retrieved October 26, 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/gregsatell/2014/09/05/a-look-back-at-why-blockbuster-really-failed-and-why-it-didnt-have-to/#2054abeb1d64

Brown v. Board of Education and Multiculturalism Essay -- Education

On May 17, 1954, in the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Board of Education, the High Court, for the first time in American legal history, challenged the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine previously established in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and outlawed racial segregation in public schools. The decision, igniting fierce debates throughout the country, was met with violence and strong defiance in the South. The years after Brown, however, saw the passing of several important Acts: the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. Today, Americans remember Brown v. Board of Education as a success in African Americans’ struggle for equal rights, a change of sea tide for the civil rights movement. While Brown deserves its place in American History Books, its direct product – desegregation – is not the ultimate solution to the education for African Americans. Desegregation only amends the system of education. America h as to reassess the word â€Å"education,† for black Americans and other minority groups to achieve a real equal education. In Supreme Court’s opinion on Brown v. Board, Chief Justice Earl Warren says, â€Å"We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal† (â€Å"Brown v. Board of Education† 307). While scholars may argue that Supreme Court’s reversal on its previous ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson was abrupt and unexplained (Balkin 11), Supreme Court’s position that segregation in education is â€Å"separate and unequal† was irrefutable. Segregation in education had a long history against the interests of African Americans. For numerical examples, in 1898, the state of Florida spent $5.92 on every ... ...for Education Statistics. Long-Term Trends in Student Reading Performance. Jan. 1998. Web. 2 May 2009. . United States. National Center for Education Statistics. Long-Term Trends in Student Mathematics Performance. Sep. 1998. Web. 2 May 2009. . United States. National Center for Education Statistics. Long-Term Trends in Student Science Performance. Sep. 1998. Web. 2 May 2009. . United States. National Center for Education Statistics. NAEP Data Tool v3.0. Web. 4 May 2009. . â€Å"Vital Statistics.† The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education Winter 2003/2003. Web. 3 May 2009. . â€Å"What Negroes Want Now.† U.S. News & World Report 28 May 1954: 54-59.

How did the “Doctrine of Empiricism” change the way artists created art?

The term â€Å"empiricism† has a dual etymology, stemming both from the Greek word for â€Å"experience†. (http://www. philosophybasics. com/branch_empiricism. html) The â€Å"Doctrine of Empiricism† changed the way artists created art. They went from an open-minded outlook on the way to express art to a more structured view. It vanished the idea of metaphysical, tradition, and myth and replaced it with critical thought, and the scientific method of experimentation and the knowledge through empirical data. (The Enlightenment) A philosopher that well represents empiricism was John Locke. Portrait of John Locke, by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Oil on canvas. 76Ãâ€"64 cm. Britain, 1697. Source of Entry: Collection of Sir Robert Walpole, Houghton Hall, 1779 Locke believed that everyone was born with a â€Å"blank slate† and knowledge was obtained from experience. ( Theory of Knowledge, Empiricism) That changed the way artists created art because it gave them a more realistic view on how to express themselves. They took what they already knew and have experienced and started a whole new perception. Although this whole concept was new to everyone, not everyone agreed. Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued the idea of perfection in progress and knowledge, but he still presented acceptable ideas because the philosophers of this period argued for the perfection of the natural. (The Enlightenment) Leonardo Da Vinci was an advocate for careful empirical observation and an early version of the scientific method, making him important to the development of both science and skepticism. Leonardo's emphasis on observation and empirical science was not separate from his art. ( Leonardo Da Vinci ; Science, Observation, Empiricism, and Mathematics) Vitruvius: Vitruvian Man, by Leonardo Da Vinci, 1490 The Vitruvian Man was created using contour lines. The detail and shading is limited but portrays his interest in proportion and science. Da Vinci put a visual emphasis on the body itself using shapes to create what acts as a border. Empiricism was a breakthrough in the late 17th century and during the 18th. It took the endless possibilities of art and gave everything a new perspective. It is the theory in which everything comes from experience and evidence. It changed the way artists created art by giving them some insight and background before they ventured off into the divine world of art. Works Cited http://www.theoryofknowledge.info/sources-of-knowledge/empiricism/ The Neoclassical (The Enlightenment) http://myeclassonline.com http://www.philosophybasics.com/branch_empiricism.html http://atheism.about.com/od/imagegalleries/ig/Leonardo-Da-Vinci/Virtuvius–Leonardo-Da-Vinci.htm

Anna Freud essays

Anna Freud essays My name is Anna Freud and I was born on December 3 1895 to Martha and Sigmund Freud. I was considered to the founder of child psychoanalysis. I began schooling at the age of 6, in 1901.I loved to read and write but I didnt really learn much in school. When I was 14, I read one of my fathers books for the first time. I wrote him a letter telling him I was not horrified, but extremely interested in what he was studying. After becoming an elementary teacher and moved to England. In 1914, she began asking her father for the clarification of his psychoanalytic terms. This is the first time she became directly related with his work. In 1920 my sister Sophie became ill with influenza and was killed. This forced me to give up my teaching position permanently. In 1922 I was eager to become a member of the International Psychoanalytic Congress. It was required to an analysis of a patient. Since I did not have any patients I decided to give a self-analysis. I was then accepted in to the practice and immediately began traveling throughout Berlin to set up a practice. In 1925 I was on the executive board of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute. From 1934-1936 I spent the majority of my leisure time writing The Ego and Mechanisms of Defense. This focused on ego began a movement in the psychoanalytic circles, called ego psychology. In 1940 I set up the Anna Freud Centre to focus on children illnesses. It is now the worlds leading clinic for psychoanalytic child psychotherapy, dedicated to the well being of children and their families. ...

A Day In The Life Of A Pharisee Religion Essays

A Day In The Life Of A Pharisee Religion Essays A Day In The Life Of A Pharisee Religion Essay A Day In The Life Of A Pharisee Religion Essay To be a good Jew is to hold a vision and end to accomplish the ultimate degree of sanctity in the eyes of God. Jesus of Nazareth was a Jew, and during his life-time at that place emerged many different groups whose ultimate end was to follow and set into pattern what God expected of his people. Among these, there stood three major groups known as the Pharisees, Sadducees and Essenes. In effort to be a painstaking first century Jew, in comparing to the other groups, I feel as though the Pharisees hold the most appealing place in footings of populating a echt and legitimate spiritual life. During the clip of first century Judaism, many groups conformed to his instructions nevertheless many made an effort to dispute his judgement. Steping into the Hasmonean period, sometime before 135 BCE, in footings of societal category, the Pharisees arose as a group more applicable to a common people nevertheless it did consist of a few priests ( Sanders, 44 ) . Sing my topographic point in society in the twentieth Century, I believe it would be accurate to presume that in Jesus life-time, I could put myself among the common mans instead than portion of the elite. This minor item plays a portion in my determination of taking the Pharisees as an appealing group to be portion of. Granted the fact that they are of my societal standing, they would be able to associate to my demands best therefore we would portion many of the same spiritual and political positions. In a manner, during the Hasmonean Dynasty, the Pharisees could be described as spiritual instructors of the jurisprudence . Theologically, the Pharisees shared common Judaic orthodoxy ( Sanders 44 ) , believing in Israel as the chosen state, the jurisprudence in which was given to Moses, and the construct of penitence and forgiveness. As these beliefs were shared among the mean Jews of the clip, it makes sense as to why a first century Jews, every bit good as myself, would turn to the Pharisees as spiritual instructors. The Hebrew word for Pharisees is Perushim, intending those who have a inclination to retreat or to divide themselves. One could presume this name could associate to the Pharisaic manner of life which dictated a rigorous separation from all dross and dirty nutrients ( Isaacson 24 ) . However it could correlate with the world that the Pharisees do non portion one uniform position on things ; therefore there were two groups of Pharisees, The Shammai and the Hillel. Inevitably, amongst these two groups there were dissensions. The Shammai stood on the conservative left flying side of the spectrum while The Hillel held a more broad place. Basically, the Shammai followed a more rigorous and avid observation of the jurisprudence. They were powerful up until 68 BCE and they educated blue, affluent households over a longer period of clip. The Hillel became more widely known after 68 AD. They appealed more to the involvement of those in lower categories because they demanded preparation and d id non hold such a actual apprehension of the jurisprudence. In my sentiment it is inevitable for differences to happen among different categories of society particularly sing similar traditions. However the two groups of Pharisees still managed to set their differences aside and allow exogamy. This is a premier illustration of something that Jesus would promote people to make, and because the Pharisees could admit this, is another ground why as a first century Jew I would happen them an admirable group to follow with. Equally good as being sacredly linked with the in-between category people of society, the Pharisees continued the tradition of Scribes and the work forces of Great Assembly ( Isaacson 240 ) . Merely as the Scribes did, the Pharisees believed in the authorization of unwritten tradition every bit good as the Torah. They besides maintained the impression of hereafter every bit good as believing that God would direct a Messiah to make peace over the universe. In malice of this, it is of import to understand that the society of Judea developed over clip and the Pharisees helped steer this development by making new Torahs every bit good come oning the temple and temple. Harmonizing to Josephus they practiced the highest ideals both in their manner of life and in their discourse ( Sanders, 44 ) . The Pharisees did non neglect to understand the importance of Laws already formed by their predecessors but they initiated alteration in the developing Judea society by adding new Torahs for the people every bit good as taking a non-literal attack to Biblical Law. They closely followed the philosophy of immortality hence Torahs such as an oculus for an oculus were explained in an attack that could be more comparable to the current fortunes of the people. In their attempt to make new Torahs for more modern twenty-four hours society, they formed a pureness regulation in respects to the Mosaic Law. This is a jurisprudence in which one is required to bathe in order to take drosss before come ining the temple. The Pharisees instructed people to rinse their custodies before the Sabbath and holy repasts, and this finally led Jews to rinse their custodies before every repast in order to rinse away drosss. Because of their dedication to the religionism of the people, the Pharisees were good liked amongst Hebrews that populated their communities. It is said that although the Jews made particular regulations for them to follow, they did non coerce them on everyone else ( Sanders 44 ) . I can appreciate that the Pharisees were overall seeking to break the Jewish community nevertheless they did non seek to implement their traditions on others. In the 2nd century the Pharisees improved the Judaic Temple with the development of the temple every bit good as the enforcement of unwritten traditions to those who resided within their communities. The Pharisees greatly appreciated the written jurisprudence nevertheless they held near to them the unwritten instructions of their bow male parents. As a instructor to the people, the Pharisees did non inquiry that which was passed down to them ; they merely interpreted these traditions and passed it down orally to the people. The Pharisees wished to encompass the whole people peculiarly through instruction. It was their desire and purpose that everyone in Israel achieve sanctity through the survey of the Torah ( The Maccabees 93 ) . The Pharisees cared about the temple development as a whole in a manner that fit the demands of current society. Not merely did the Pharisees non hinder their thoughts on the Jews of the clip, they respected that society is ever altering. With this, the P harisees created the temple to be a topographic point that fit into the life of a common man. As a Jew at the clip, I could turn to the Pharisaic motion to assist me understand and pattern my religion in a manner that I could outdo relate to. Along with the Pharisees, the Sadducees were among the earliest groups to organize during the Hasmonean dynasty. For the most portion, the Pharisees and the Sadducees were seen as resistance to each other politically and sacredly. The word Sadducee is believed to hold originated from Zadok, Solomon s High Priest. This description seems justifiable given the fact that the Sadducee s consisted of members of the blue, conservative, elect standing of society. The Pharisees were more popular as they attracted the common mans of society, the Sadducees were a minority that held great power over Kings and embraced Hellenization, coercing Grecian civilization upon society. One of the biggest struggles between these two groups involved the fact that the Sadducees rejected the philosophy of immortality. The Sadducees took a actual attack to the written jurisprudence, following it word for word where as the Pharisees were unfastened to reading of the Torah. The Sadducees did non believe in aft er life hence non seeing the importance of the unwritten jurisprudence. As a consequence, they rejected new Torahs and inventions which the Pharisees introduced in response to historical necessity ( Isaacson 240 ) . In respects to the temple, the Sadducees viewed it as untouchable, finally denying the Pharisaic effort to develop and incorporate new thoughts into the temple. Evidentially the two groups were at changeless dissension with each other and this lead to tenseness within the 2nd temple epoch. Finally, a civil war broke out during the Hasmonean dynasty ostracizing the Sadducees as a whole go forthing merely the Pharisees to to the full retrieve. Given these facts I would non hold wanted to be a Sadducee due to their involuntariness to accept that society is everlastingly altering and hence observation of the jurisprudence needed to alter with it. I do non happen it appealing that they were merely considerate to the demands of those higher up in society and possibly this is why they were unable to recover power afterwards.

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Strategy,Strategic planning and the tradtional steps to build an organizational strategic plan,Strategic management and Competititve Strategy - Essay Example On the other hand, strategic planning is the process through which an organization defines the strategy to achieve major, as well as minor goals. In other words, strategic planning is the directing and the making of crucial decisions that concern the allocation of the available resource as per the institutions strategy. The strategic plan also involves the control process of management as a way of implementing the decisions that encompass the strategic plan. The traditional planning method of building an organizations strategy comprises several steps. However, the tradition style of strategy planning omits the step of innovative thinking which to some works of research is the most important aspect of strategic planning is innovative thinking. It is significant also to state that the approach to strategic planning varies given the unique features of every organization. The unique features may include the purpose of every institution, the culture of each organization, the environment and immediate surroundings and the history of other plans; whether they were successful or not. The first step in strategic planning is the identification of the purpose of the planning process. The procedure makes up the mission statement. The step tends to put forward the reason behind the existence of the firm. The needs of the client makeup the basic purpose of the organization and thus are an outline in the first step. The second step enumerates the vision of the organization. The step’s main focus is the description of the future state of the business entity and the state of the clients of the organization in the future. The third step is the establishment of mandatory goals that the institution must reach in an attempt to achieve the set down goals as per the organization’s mission and vision. The step also tries to give answers for the prevailing challenges that the organization is undergoing through in its operations. The