Dry Needling in Physical Therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Dry Needling in Physical Therapy - Essay Example Then, he describes three basic dry needling models namely Myofascial Trigger Point Model (where he states how dry needling is used for the treatment of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs)), Radiculopathy Model (that is, the myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is caused by peripheral neuropathy or radiculopathy and the innervated structures function correctly if there is a free flow of nerve impulses, otherwise these innervated structures become supersensitive), and The Spinal Segmental Sensitization Model (in which Dommerholt describes two approaches presented by Gunn and Fischer). He states that the Spinal Segmental Sensitization Model has been developed by Dr. Andrew Fischer, and combines features of Travell and Simons’ trigger point model and Gunn’s radiculopathy model. According to them, the musculoskeletal pain can be relieved by certain methods such as needling of trigger points, somatic and preinjection blocks, spray and stretch, and exercises for the relaxation of the targeted muscles. The main difference between the two approaches put forth by Gunn and Fischer is that Fischer uses injection needles whereas Gunn uses acupuncture needles. Then, Dommerholt talks about mechanical, neurophysiological and chemical effects of dry needling. He states that when an MTrP is triggered in dry needling, it mechanically interrupts with the dysfunctional motor end plates. If an MTrP is mechanically stretched by the needle, then by rotating it, the connective tissue gets wrapped around it, referred to as ‘needle grasp’. The therapist can cause the needle grasp to occur by moving the needle up and down when he is inserting it in an MTrP. It causes the change in total length of the fiber and blocks the nociceptive substances, which relieves pain eventually. Talking about neurophysiological effects, Dommerholt mentions Baldry who says that the superficial dry needling causes prolonged stimulation of A-delta nerve fibers which suppresses the pain.  

Unemployment Among University Graduates in Malaysia. Essay Example for Free

Unemployment Among University Graduates in Malaysia. Essay Today, we can see the unemployed graduates become increase until the certain parties have to address this situation. The finding of the Ministry’s Graduate Tracer Study 2006, 30. 7% of graduates remained unemployed six months after convocation, while 5. 7% were still waiting job placement . According to the Minister of Human Resources, the number of unemployment female graduates is also much higher on comparison male graduates. In view of this, there is a pressing need for the education authorities and employers to look into the cause of unemployment among new university graduates and find solution to address this problem. Firstly, the cause of unemployed graduates nowadays is the incompatibility in the focus of higher education institutions and the needs of labor market. The reason for that is lack in compatibility as compared to the situation twenty years ago. In addition, there is an increase of competitiveness and volatility in the labor market. The work environment nowadays require graduates to have some work experiences in order to the requirement of qualified employee. Besides that, incompatibility in the knowledge acquired in higher education institution is one of the factor. The second reason is lack of experiences and skills among the university graduates. Most of organizations today prefer to have graduates with experience to ensure the employers sustain their economic competitiveness. The number of unemployed female graduates is much higher in comparison male graduates. Moreover, those graduates with essential skills are more preferable compared to them who does not have any skills. They also should have proficiency in English. Other than that, university graduates have to possess their interpersonal skills in order to decrease the number of unemployment among them. One of the most appropriate way on how to overcome this problem is the responsible authorities should introduce programmes for fresh graduates. The Ministry of Human Resources’ Unemployed Graduates Training Scheme is an example of training programme that is used to equip graduates with certain skills and experience . Furthermore, it is maintains that we should have the Ministry of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs’ recruitment programme to provide employment opportunities to graduates. Besides that, this programme is to expose graduates to opportunities in the private sectors. The last solution for unemployment among university graduates is the Ministry should review the tertiary education system. This includes the development of soft skills through extra curricular activities. This kind of activities not only to build character but to enhance interpersonal skills. In addition, it also develops a critical and creative thinking among those graduates. It is important for a student to begin accumulating as much work related experience as early as they can. Moreover, the Ministry must continually stimulates students’ minds through discussions and evaluate case studies in order to help higher institutions produce high quality graduates. In conclusion, there are certain factors that leads to unemployment among university graduates in Malaysia such as mismatch in the focus of higher education and the needs of labor market, and those graduates have low experience and skill. There are many ways to address this situation for example provide specific and extra training to graduates to fulfill industry’s needs, and enhance the management education system. Hopefully, this problem can be defeat slowly in order to expand the economy of our country.

Loneliness in William Faulkners A Rose For Emily and Anton Chekhovs Misery :: A Rose for Emily, William Faulkner

Loneliness in William Faulkner's A Rose For Emily and Anton Chekhov's Misery Although the authors, setting, and time period of each story is unique, the character of Miss Emily in "A Rose For Emily" by William Faulkner and Iona in "Misery" by Anton Chekhov share much in common.   Iona and Emily spent their entire lives searching for fulfillment. At the end of their lives they are still lonely souls - never achieving fulfillment. It is so terrible with "A Rose For Emily," the horrible feelings come up immediately when the story ends with two dead bodies in the old and dirty house. One is Homer Barron, Emily's lover. The other is Emily herself. What a pity for a woman like Emily. No, Emily is not really a woman. She is just a child (or a daughter). Since being born, her life was framed strictly by her selfish father." Miss Emily, a slender figure in white in the background, her father a large silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door." Miss Emily could not find her own real life. And then her father died. Everyone in town was very pleased that Emily might have a chance to be happy from then on. But very shortly after the shock of her father's death, Emily had another shock when her sweetheart left her alone and went away. Nobody was expecting that. Poor Emily! She was just a little girl having no experience over thirty years of age. Homer, the young man that everyone believed would marry her, was just a liar, as well. And as a result, Emily killed Homer and lay beside his dead body for years. At the age of forty, Emily was still a child -- an old child with loneliness and unfulfilled soul. William Faulkner introduces the story with the gathering of the whole town at Emily's death. The author marks a big curious question for all readers. What happened and how? Then he goes back to the past of Miss Emily, leading us to travel around the closed time circle of her life: present back to past and past to present. This is an unusual order. The normal time order consists the progression of the human being from birth through youth, to age and final death. The confusion that Faulkner has given produces a confusion in Emily's life.

Creative Story: The Dark House :: essays research papers

Creative Story: The Dark House by Tom-Inge Earlier today, John and I were taking a walk in the outskirts of the town, when we saw an old house on top of a hill. I wanted to take a closer look at it, but John looked a little spooked, and mumbled something about not wanting to go there. I convinced him that there was nothing to be afraid of, it's just an old house which haven't been occupied for a while, though I wasn't sure whether someone really was living there. We walked up the driveway, up to the house. It was huge. The place looked deserted, the grass wasn't mowed for ages, and everything was a mess. John chew nails like crazy, but I still wanted to check this place out. The door was made of wood, and looked like it could fall apart any minute. I tried to turn the door knob, but it fell off as soon as I touched it. The knob rolled down the steps and kept on rolling down the driveway, and stopped by the fence. That didn't make John feel any better at all. He looked like he had seen a ghost. I took a deep breath, and pushed the door. It wouldn't budge an inch.  « Help me out », I said, but John kept chewing his nails. God knows why, there was nothing to be scared of. Or was it? I took a step backwards, and then kicked the door. It slowly slid open, and I went inside.  «Wow! What a huge mansion we've got here! » John took a peek into the house, but didn't dare go inside. There was a huge hall in the middle of the house, with staircases to my left and right. I went right ahead, towards a glass door in front of me. It wasn't locked, so I carefully turned the knob, and the door opened. Suddenly I felt someone touch my shoulder. I turned around immediately to see, but there was nobody there.  «Probably just my imagination », I said to myself, and went on into the room. It was a lounge, with some impressive furniture, antiques and other objects. It was a lot to look at, and I yelled for John. He didn't reply, so I went to check on him. All I found outside the house was a shoe, and his necklace. I couldn't quite understand what was going on. If he'd run away, at least he'd taken his belongings with him. The door slammed shut behind me, and my heart stopped for a second or two. Creative Story: The Dark House :: essays research papers Creative Story: The Dark House by Tom-Inge Earlier today, John and I were taking a walk in the outskirts of the town, when we saw an old house on top of a hill. I wanted to take a closer look at it, but John looked a little spooked, and mumbled something about not wanting to go there. I convinced him that there was nothing to be afraid of, it's just an old house which haven't been occupied for a while, though I wasn't sure whether someone really was living there. We walked up the driveway, up to the house. It was huge. The place looked deserted, the grass wasn't mowed for ages, and everything was a mess. John chew nails like crazy, but I still wanted to check this place out. The door was made of wood, and looked like it could fall apart any minute. I tried to turn the door knob, but it fell off as soon as I touched it. The knob rolled down the steps and kept on rolling down the driveway, and stopped by the fence. That didn't make John feel any better at all. He looked like he had seen a ghost. I took a deep breath, and pushed the door. It wouldn't budge an inch.  « Help me out », I said, but John kept chewing his nails. God knows why, there was nothing to be scared of. Or was it? I took a step backwards, and then kicked the door. It slowly slid open, and I went inside.  «Wow! What a huge mansion we've got here! » John took a peek into the house, but didn't dare go inside. There was a huge hall in the middle of the house, with staircases to my left and right. I went right ahead, towards a glass door in front of me. It wasn't locked, so I carefully turned the knob, and the door opened. Suddenly I felt someone touch my shoulder. I turned around immediately to see, but there was nobody there.  «Probably just my imagination », I said to myself, and went on into the room. It was a lounge, with some impressive furniture, antiques and other objects. It was a lot to look at, and I yelled for John. He didn't reply, so I went to check on him. All I found outside the house was a shoe, and his necklace. I couldn't quite understand what was going on. If he'd run away, at least he'd taken his belongings with him. The door slammed shut behind me, and my heart stopped for a second or two.

Development of Classical States and Empires

Differences of Africa's civilizations: a. Small regions of Mediterranean culture in N. and S. extremes, large deserts (Sahara, Kalahari), larger regions of savanna grasslands, tropical rain forest in continent's center, highlands + mountains in E. Africa iii. One distinctive environmental feature: bisected by equator = most tropical of the world's three supercontinents a. Persistent warm temp. = rapid decomposition ot vege table matter (humus) = poorer and less fertile soils and less productive agriculture than in more emperate Eurasia + spawned disease-carrying insects/parasites ‘v. Feature: proximity to Eurasia a. Allowed parts of Africa to interact w/Eurasian civilizations b. N.Africa incorporated into Roman Empire, produced wheat/olives w/slave labor, Christianity spread widely famous martyrs c. Saint Augustine: theologian d. Christian faith found more permanent foothold in present-day Ethiopia v. Arabia † another point of contact w/larger world v'. Domesticated camel = nomadic pastoral way of life; later, made trans-Saharan commerce possible (linked W. Africa 0 Med. Civilizations) vii. Over centuries, E. African coast = port of call for Egyptian, Roman, Arab merchants = became integral part of Indian Ocean trading networks viii. External connections + internal development of African societies generated patterns of change during classical era A.Geez: language used @court, in towns, for commerce; written in script derived from S. Arabia c. Measure of ctrl over mostly Agaw-speaking ppl of country thru loose administrative structure – tribute payments d. Romans P Axum † third major empire after own and Persian ‘v. Introduced to Christianity thru connections to Red Sea trade + Roman world (Egypt) v. King Ezana: monarch of fourth century (when Christianity was introduced), adopted Christianity (same time as Constantine in Roman) v'. Mounted campaign of imperial expansion across Red Sea 0 Yemen in S. Arabia vii. Decline: environment al changes (soil exhaustion, erosion, deforestation brought about intensive farming) viii.Rise of Islam 0 altered trade routes, diminished revenue available to Axumite state, emerged Christian church (present-day Ethiopia) ‘x. Meroe + Axum paralleled on smaller scale major features of classical civ. Of Eurasia: long-distance trading connections, urban centers, centralized states, complex societies, monumental architecture, written language, imperial ambitions, direct contact w/Med. civilizations II. Along the Niger River: Cities without States Urbanization in middle stretches of Niger R. in W. Africa Growing #s of ppl from S. Sahara into fertile floodplain of middle Niger in search of access to water w/domesticated cattle, sheep, goats, agricultural skills, ironworking tech.Ppl created distinctive city-based civilization Oenne-Jeno) No imperial system No centralized political structure â€Å"cities w/o citadels† Emerged as clusters of economically specialized settlement s surrounding a larger central town Earliest + most prestigious specialized occupation = iron smithing Roderick McIntosh: archeologist, leading fgure in excavation of Jenne-Jero Villages of otton weavers, potters, leather workers, griots grew around cent. Towns Occupational castes (passed Jobs/skills to children, could only marry within own group) Farmers tilled soil, raised animals, specialization in farming – fishing, rice cultivation Growing network of indigenous W.African commerce Middle Niger flood-plain supported rich agriculture and had clay for pottery, lacked stone, iron, ore, salt, fuel Ghana, Mali, Songhai – W. Africa Ill. South of the Equator: The World of Bantu Africa i. Most significant development involved accelerating movement of Bantu-speaking ppls into enormous subcontinent i'. Bean from homeland region (present-day SE. Nigeria + Cameroons) iii. Bantu expansion – slow movement of peoples brought to Africa south of equator measure of cultural an d linguistic commonality, marking it as a distinct region of the continent A. Cultural Encounters ‘v. Advantages: a. as agriculture generated more productive economy 0 larger #s to live in smaller area b.Farmers brought both parasitic and infectious diseases (to which foraging people had little immunity) c. Iron, tools/weapons v. Kalahari regions of SW. Africa and few places in E. Africa, gathering and hunting urvived (such as San) vi. In rain forest region of Central Africa, foraging Batwa (Pygmy) = â€Å"forest specialists† 0 honey, wild game, elephant products, animal skins, medicinal barks and plants vii. Adopted Bantu languages viii. In drier env

HR Recruitment and Selection Case Study In Elgin Pharmaceutical The WritePass Journal

HR Recruitment and Selection Case Study In Elgin Pharmaceutical Introduction:   HR Recruitment and Selection Case Study In Elgin Pharmaceutical Introduction:  The strategy of the company is:Evaluation of Current Recruitment and Selection Process:Waiting lists:For Selection company is using:1.  General Mental Ability Test:2.  Semi-Structured Interviews:Proposal:The first step in pre-recruitment is:1.  Establishing evidence case for recruitment:2.  Job Analysis:1.  Internal survey:2.  External survey:Another main step for job analysis is job description:Job description for the child care and development centre is given below:Person Specification:3.  Labour Market Assessment:The Third step is Selection:Structured interviewsTelephone interviewsConclusion:References:Appendix:Appendix 1:Company BackgroundAppendix 2:Related Introduction:   Human Resource Planning helps to find out the need of people in the organization. Job analysis and Job design indicates the responsibilities and tasks of the employees in fig.1: (K Aswathappa,2007) Recruitment and Selection both are the vital part for an organization because it directly affects organization performance, employee relations, and a positive public image. The aim of this report is to analyze the new recruitment and selection methods for hiring the new staff to establish a company crà ¨che and child development centre. This company is using the same method of recruitment (waiting lists) and selection (General Mental Ability and Semi-Structured Interviews) from last ten years. The strategy of the company is: 1)   To retain the employees for a long period of time 2)    To maintain the reputation of the company 3)      To motivate the employees to increase their performance and achieve the positive results from it In the analysis, this report analyzes the modes of recruitment and selection process like waiting lists; interviews; psychometric test, advertisement but not considered other methods. Company is using these methods from last ten years. The current recruitment and selection process is very much beneficial for the company but it is very limited. Evaluation of Current Recruitment and Selection Process: The Company is using the Recruitment and Selection process from last ten years. For recruitment company is using waiting lists: Waiting lists: These lists are made up of logical enquiries and applicants hired from the old recruitment activity. Then it provides suitable applicants that can be assessed when there will be any vacancy. Waiting lists are of low costs and resource efficient. Because candidates are already selected for the next step but they have to wait for the vacant positions in the company. These are hard to manage because these are spoiled quickly. Applications have very limited life, as candidates interest may change to other jobs. When employer reactivates the application and contact the candidate, it enhances the chances of success for candidate. Therefore, candidates can negotiate the contract terms and candidates expect more supportive behavior from the company. Waiting lists could cause discrimination among the candidates because they may restrict from the jobs again. (S.Pilbeam and M.Corbridge,2006) For Selection company is using: 1.  General Mental Ability Test: It is also called psychometric test. These tests are used for assessment and evaluation of the test taker by a competent examiner. It is used to check he intelligence and knowledge of the candidate. Its advantage is that candidates cannot lie in it. Moreover biasness can be avoided. This test is used where there are number of candidates for the job. These tests are quite useful than the interviews because real information can be more easily taken from tests instead of the interviews. It’s more reliable and valid. Non-minorities typically score one standard deviation above minorities which may result in adverse impact depending on how the scores are used in the selection process Differences between males and females in abilities (e.g., knowledge of mathematics) may negatively impact the scores of female applicants. ( V.Joosten,2005) (C.Jackson,1996) To see the examples of this test see Appendix 2. 2.  Semi-Structured Interviews: These interviews follow a predetermined and standardized list of questions. These questions are not asked in the same way in same order to all the participants because these questions are difficult to clarify (Schwarz, 1999). According o Burns (1997), the problem of validity is acknowledged as inconsequential, if the informant’s behavior is congruent with their perception of reality. It is very time-consuming because interviewer needs to record it in written form. Moreover, the data reliability is very low because it is difficult to compare the responses between the respondents. Interviewees give too much information in it which is in depth and useless. Recording information could be very difficult because to write the information is time-consuming and if interview is recorded then candidates may not feel comfortable and give only limited information. (ML.Mitchell and J.Jolley,2009) and (A.Edwards and J.Skinner, 2009) Proposal: To  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11April,2011 The CEO Elgin Pharmaceutical Edinburgh. Respected Madam, On the basis of this analysis, as an HR manager I am making a proposal for the recruitment and selection for the child care and development staff as follows: As Mullins (2010, p 485) ‘If the HRM function is to remain effective, there must be consistently good levels of teamwork, plus ongoing co-operation and consultation between line managers and the HR manager.’ This is most definitely the case in recruitment and selection as specialist HR managers (or even external consultants) can be an important repository of up-to-date knowledge and skills, For example on the important legal dimensions of this area. (www.cipd.co.uk)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pre-recruitment activity fig. 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (S.Pilbeam and M.Corbridge,2006) The first step in pre-recruitment is: 1.  Establishing evidence case for recruitment: Whenever there is a vacancy appears, there is only the opportunity for recruitment and evidence case should be developed before proceeding (ACAS, 2004). As Plumbley (1991), ‘every vacancy presents management with an opportunity to rethink the structure of the organization and the allocation of duties. There are some substitutes for recruitment when any position is vacant and more questions can be discussed like; a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Do the workload predictions justify recruitment? b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Is the impact of vacancy short, long or medium? c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How does the recruitment proposal fit with diversity objectives? d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Does he filling of any vacancy integrate with the human resource plan? (S.Pilbeam and M.Corbridge,2006) 2.  Job Analysis: Job analysis can be done by survey inside the company and outside the company: 1.  Internal survey: The internal survey can be done through distributing the questionnaires in the office staff so that company can gather the information how many employees have children and age of their children. Because 70percent of female employees. 2.  External survey: This survey can be done by gathering information by selecting few samples from the companies/organizations related to child care. Because he company is setting up the new company crà ¨che which is totally different from the previous business. So it will be helpful for the company to start their organization by gathering information from various sources. This survey could be done by questionnaire sent to the different companies. For sample of this external survey see appendix3 Another main step for job analysis is job description: Job description is clearly stated what are the responsibilities and duties of the employees. For further detail of job description see appendix. Job description for the child care and development centre is given below: For the day care nursery company has already make the structure of job description that they total 11 staff vacancies are there for 30 infants and Pre School children. Staffing ratio is already set as follows: For nursery (0-1yr) there are 10 places for infants as well as 4 vacancies for staff [1staff member for 3 babies and 1 cover] For preschool (2-4yr) there are 20 places as well as 7 vacancies for staff [1 staff member for 4 children and 2 covers] There should be hourly wage rate for the employees including full-time and part-time work. The minimum wage rate is  £5.93. Sample of job description is given in appendix4 Person Specification: Qualification: NVQ level 3 Experience: relevant experience with young children Knowledge: health and safety Child development Security Skills: Team working Creative ability Communication skills (red-balloon.co.uk/redBalloonSite/career/perSpecifications.htm) For sample of job specification see appendix5 3.  Labour Market Assessment: It means to provide better understanding of employees and labour supply in the relevant organizations.   In relation to the six equality â€Å"strands† of: ethnicity, disability, age, gender, sexual orientation and religion and belief. A labour market is the identified pool of potential employees from which it is possible to attract candidates of the required caliber for a specified job. A shortage of labour market increases the labour supply demand giving more authority to the candidates. In terms of strategy, a shortage labour market needs a more nurturing recruitment and selection system, and a surplus labour market needs more targeted approach (Walsh, 1992). Due to the remarkable growth of the company as ‘employer of the choice’, more candidates want to do the job with this company. (S.Pilbeam and M.Corbridge,2006) The second step is Recruitment: The company is using recruitment system which is very old, but it is very essential and useful for the company. But company was using these methods for pharmaceutical branch. Whereas, it needs to adapt some other appropriate recruitment methods for child care workers and nursery nurses, to attract more people for the job, therefore, some new methods are added in this proposal as follows: Company should use advertisement method as ‘wide trawl’ to attract large pool of candidates because if there will be large number of candidates company will have more choice to select right candidate for right job with essential skills. Local newspaper is very cost effective method to use as a source of advertisement. Moreover, it is affordable and easily accessible by the people. The other method for advertisement is local shops; company can recommend these local shops to do advertisement for them. School libraries and notice boards are also very useful because most of the people can see the ad and it is free of cost. However students will also motivate towards this career. Job Centres are good source of advertisement. It is also cost effective and not very time-consuming. Word of mouth is more reliable and free of cost advertisement source. The Third step is Selection: After getting number of responses for the job/vacancies the next step is selection. It includes various parts like: Candidates fill the application forms to give an idea about their family and education background. To see the sample of application form for recruitment see appendix There is interview method to select the candidates : Structured interviews Telephone interviews The candidates have to give their bio data as well along with the application form, though its ‘hard copy’ or ‘soft copy’. The main important for child care job to have the enhanced CRB check. It is mostly used for international candidates. It is necessary to check the background of the candidate to make sure that other people have full safety and security. The candidates should have relevant experience in child care, because it is very crucial matter for parents to send their child under experienced or non-experienced person. The candidates when selected have to provide minimum two references: one should be personal and other should be business references (related to the previous job). Last but not the least; candidates should have the work permit. It will show the approval of government to work in any other country or in the home country. S.No. Recruitment Methods S.No. Selection Methods 1. Advertisements 1 Application Forms 1.0 Newspapers 2 Structured Interviews 1.1 Local Shops 3 Telephone Interviews 1.2 Libraries 4 Bio Data 1.3 Community Centers 5 CRB Checks 1.4 School Notice boards 6 Experience 1.5 Job Centre 7 References 1.6 Word of Mouth 8 Work Permit education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/RB409.pdf    Conclusion: After analyzing Recruitment and Selection process, the issues were highlighted: There are fewer methods of recruitment and selection used in the report, which are in use from a long period of time. Therefore the scope of recruitment and selection is very limited. Company used waiting list method for recruitment, but it is not beneficial for the company because if candidates are in waiting list, it could be time-consuming and lengthy process. Moreover, it will restrict candidates not to work anywhere else or they will lose this job. There was not specific method for job description and person specification. In this case study only number of vacancies and role is given but other necessary things like CRB check, Experience, Pay scale is not given. The survey conducting by the company inside and outside the organization give results of female employees, their children etc. The company is setting up crà ¨che and child development centre with limited number of seats. Therefore, other people who don’t get chance to take that opportunity will feel disappoint or become demotivated. The proposal proposed to CEO of the company will help to recruit new highly skilled employees with appropriate method of recruitment and selection process. Hence, company strategy will also change accordingly. Action Plan: Task Responsibility Time period Cost Promotion and marketing of Childcare Advertising and marketing manager September, 2011  £6700 Recruitment of child care workers Recruitment manager November, 2011 12,900 Training Training Manager October, 2011  £58,300 Transport HR Manager December, 2011  £12,300 Child care Voucher Scheme HR Manager December, 2011 5,700 Total:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   95,900 References: vidyalankar.org/files/sample_paper_ntse.pdf red-balloon.co.uk/redBalloonSite/career/perSpecifications.htm bath.ac.uk/personnel/further-parts/06-466R-IG.htm education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/RB409.pdf C.Jackson, Understanding Psychological Testing, 1996 (Pg. 45-46) K Aswathappa, Human Resource and Personnel Management, 2007 ed.4th (pg. 132) www.hr-guide.com/data/G314.htm V.Joosten, Preparing for career selection tests: Numeracy General Ability, 2005 ed. 3rd (pg. 19-20) M.L.Mitchell and J.Jolley, Research Design Explained, 2009 (Pg. 277) A.Edwards and J.Skinner, Qualitative Research in Sport Management, 2009 (pg. 107) www.shetland.gov.uk/policy/documents/ShetChildcareStrategy.doc, (pg. 53 and V) S.Pilbeam and M.Corbridge, People Resourcing- Contemporary HRM in practice, 2006, (pg. 156) S.Pilbeam and M.Corbridge, People Resourcing- Contemporary HRM in practice, 2006, (pg. 146,149,150)    Appendix: Appendix 1: Company Background Elgin pharmaceutical is the very successful and profitable manufacturing company in Edinburgh. There are approximately 600 employees are working in which 70percent are female. This company is using same organization policies from last 40 years and their reputation also enhanced. People want to work with this company desperately because of its popularity, it is also known as ‘employer of choice’. In this company employee wastage level is very low therefore vacancies list is always given in the waiting list. Where employees have an opportunity to work with this company. The new CEO comes in the company and she thought of employee welfare and wants to set up a crà ¨che and child development centre. There are 30 seats for infants and children of employees who are working with his company. This company needs to recruit suitable staff for crà ¨che and child care. Therefore, they provide job description and person specification related to the vacancies. Due to high reputation company can easily attract large pool of candidates to apply for this job. Appendix 2: SECTI ON I : GENERAL MENTAL ABI LI TY TEST ( G. M. A. T. ) SAMPLE PAPER 1. i) A 2 B means A is a mother of B. ii) A 4 B means A is the brother of B. iii) A 5 B means A is the daughter of B. iv) A 9 B means A is the husband of B. Which of the following expression shows the relation that ‘K’ is Mother−in−Law of ‘M’ ? 1) M 9 N 2 K 4 I  Ã‚   2)   M 9 N 5 K 2 J 3) K 5 J 9 M 2 N  Ã‚   4)   K 2 J 9 N 4 M Directions : 2 − 6 : Study the following information carefully and answer the questions given below. i) Six authors P, Q, R, S, T and U, each   one   has written books on six different subjects   viz. Physics, Chemistry,  Ã‚   Psychology,   Sociology, Political science Economics but   not necessarily in the same order. These   books are kept in   a pile but not necessary in   the given order. ii) The book of Physics is written by ‘Q’ and it  Ã‚   is kept below the book of Psychology. The   book of Chemistry is written by ‘R’ and it is   kept just below the book of Sociology which   is not on the top. The book of Political   science is kept between the book of   Chemistry and Economics. The book written   by ‘U’ is not at the bottom. The book written   by ‘P’ is on the top. The book of Sociology is not written by ‘S’ or ‘U’. 2.   Who wrote the book of Political Science ? 1)   S                      2)   T 3) Data inadequate   4)   None of these 3.   Who wrote the book which is kept at the bottom? 1)   R  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2)   Q 3) S  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4)   T 4.   Which of the following combination of ‘Subject’ − ‘Author’ − ‘Position from the top’ is not correct ? 1) Physics − Q − Third 2) Political   Science − U − Fifth 3) Economics − S − Sixth 4) Psychology − P − First 5.   The book of which of the following subject is kept on the top ? 1) Chemistry 2) Psychology 3)   Political Science 4) Either psychology or chemistry 6. What is the position of the   chemistry book from the top ? 1) Second  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2)   Fifth 3) Third  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4)   Fourth Direction : 7 − 9 : Find the odd one out from the given alternatives. 7.   1) Eagle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2)   Cock 3) Crow  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4)   Parrot 8.   1) PKJQ  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2)   RIGT 3) WDBY  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4)   SHFU 9. Find the missing number from the given response 31 17 58 87 68 19 61 56 91 22 70 50 10 142 11 ? 1) 6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2)   7 3) 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4)   9 10. If 34 ⊕ 21 = 20 and 69 ⊕ 35 = 46, then   31 ⊕ 29   = ? 1) 35  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2)   30 3) 45  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4)   64 Section I   ends   here. SECTION   II : SCHOLASTIC APTITUDE TEST (S.A.T.) SAMPLE PAPER 1.   Internal and external surface of a calorimeter are polished. Why? 1) It looks attractive. 2) It prevents rusting by loosing contact with the air. 3) It prevents transfer of heat due to conduction. 4) It prevents transfer of heat due to radiation 2.  Ã‚   What does a pyrometer measure? 1) High altitude 2) Pressure 3) High temperature 4) The radiant energy 3.   Which of the following is not a fundamental physical quantity? 1) Length  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2) Pressure 3) Time  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4) Mass 4.   Which of the following metals react with dilute acids? 1) Copper  Ã‚  Ã‚   2) Gold 3) Silver  Ã‚  Ã‚   4) Calcium 5. Which of the following food components can be   absorbed in the alimentary canal without undergoing digestion? 1) Proteins.  Ã‚  Ã‚   2) Lipids 3) Cane sugar  Ã‚   4) Vitamins. 6.   Srivijaya was a famous ancient Indian kingdom in _____. 1) Myanmar  Ã‚  Ã‚   2) Kampuchea 3) Thailand  Ã‚  Ã‚   4) Indonesia 7.   Guru Tegh Bahadur was the ____Guru of   the Sikhs 1) Second  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2) Eighth 3) Ninth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4) Tenth. 8.   Sun is a gaseous body it is mainly made up of _________ 1) Carbon dioxide and hydrogen 2) Hydrogen and Helium 3) Hydrogen and Oxygen 4) Helium and Nitrogen. 9. The factors of ( ) 4 x 4 + are : 1) ( ) 2 2 x 2 + 2) ( ) ( ) 2 2 x   2x 2 x   2x 2 + +   − + 3) ( ) ( ) 2 2 x 2 x 2 + − 4) None of these 10.   If 3 chairs and 2 tubes cost Rs.1200 and 5 chairs and 3 tubes cost Rs.1900, then the cost of 2 chairs and 2 tubes (in Rs.) is : 1) 700 2) 900 3) 1000 4) 1100 Section   II   ends   here.   Ã‚  Appendix 3: 1.  Ã‚  Which country do you presently live in? ☠Ã‚  Canada ☠Ã‚  Other 2.  Ã‚  How many children age 6 or under live in your household? ☠Ã‚  0 ☠Ã‚  1 ☠Ã‚  2 ☠Ã‚  3 ☠Ã‚  4 ☠Ã‚  5 ☠Ã‚  6 or more 3.  Ã‚  In your opinion, at what age are children ready to be cared for on a regular basis by adults other than their parents ☠Ã‚  No minimum age - it’s alright even for the smallest babies ☠Ã‚  6 months ☠Ã‚  1 year ☠Ã‚  1  ½ years ☠Ã‚  2 years ☠Ã‚  2  ½ years ☠Ã‚  3 years ☠Ã‚  4 years ☠Ã‚  5 years or older ☠Ã‚  Don’t know 4.  Ã‚  What kinds of child care arrangements – full-time or part-time (including before- or after-school care) are you currently using for the child(ren) age 6 and under living in your home? (Check all that apply) Full-time Part-time One parent is a stay-at-home caregiver ☠ ☠ Off-shifting, where parents work or attend school at alternate times and share care responsibilities ☠ ☠ Care by a relative (either in your home, or in a relative’s home) ☠ ☠ Nanny ☠ ☠ Regular babysitter providing care in your home ☠ ☠ Child care centre ☠ ☠ Nursery school or pre-school program (other than child care centre) ☠ ☠ Home daycare provider ☠ ☠ [Asked only to those who mentioned that they use a home daycare provider in Q4] 5.  You have indicated that you are currently using a home daycare provider to care for your child(ren). Please tell us whether this caregiver is: ☠Ã‚  Licensed ☠Ã‚  Unlicensed ☠Ã‚  Not sure 6.  Have you faced, or are currently facing, any problems or challenges with either finding or maintaining your child care arrangements? ☠Ã‚  Yes ☠Ã‚  No [Asked only to those who answered ‘Yes’ in Q6] 7.  What are/were the problems or challenges that you have faced, or are currently facing, with your child care arrangements? (Check all that apply) ☠Ã‚  Lack of accessible information on care options in my community ☠Ã‚  Difficulties finding a full-time space at a licensed child care centre ☠Ã‚  Difficulties finding a part-time space at licensed child care centre ☠Ã‚  Difficulties finding a home daycare provider ☠Ã‚  Difficulties finding a space/caregiver in a convenient location ☠Ã‚  Difficulties finding child care for the hours I required (i.e. outside normal working hours) ☠Ã‚  Difficulties finding a nanny ☠Ã‚  Difficulties finding care for a child with special needs ☠Ã‚  Difficulties finding any type of care ☠Ã‚  High cost of care ☠Ã‚  Could not afford to stay home ☠Ã‚  Stayed home, but found it a financial struggle ☠Ã‚  Concerns about the quality of care ☠Ã‚  My child had trouble adjusting to child care setting 8.  You mentioned that you are using the following types of childcare: (list of options chosen in Q4). To what degree are you satisfied with the overall quality of your current child care arrangements? ☠Ã‚  Very satisfied ☠Ã‚  Somewhat satisfied ☠Ã‚  Not very satisfied ☠Ã‚  Very dissatisfied 9.  Ã‚  Listed below are possible components of a comprehensive government child care policy. Which of these are most important to you?  You can select up to four options ☠Ã‚  Funding to create more child care spaces ☠Ã‚  Funding to reduce fees for all families using licensed child care ☠Ã‚  Funding to reduce fees for lower income families using licensed child care ☠Ã‚  Funding to improve quality of child care (e.g. training, lower staff/child ratios) ☠Ã‚  Funding to increase availability of part-time licensed child care ☠Ã‚  Direct payments to all parents of children six or under, regardless of child care arrangement or income ☠Ã‚  Increased tax breaks or credits for all parents of children six or under ☠Ã‚  Tax breaks or credits specifically for parents who stay home to raise their children ☠Ã‚  Legislation that would require all home-based caregivers to be licensed and regulated ☠Ã‚  Legislation that would require employers to allow parents of young children to work part time, or have more flexible work schedules ☠Ã‚  Legislation that would increase the length of maternity and parental leave 10.  Ã‚  Would you be willing to pay higher taxes to enable the government to invest in some form of national child care program? ☠Ã‚  Yes ☠Ã‚  No 11.  Ã‚  Child care is just one of many issues facing Canadians and their government. Please rank the following issues in the order of their importance to you (i.e. the issue that should get highest priority in terms of government action and investment should be ranked #1; and that with the lowest priority should be ranked #5).   ___  Health care ___  Defense/National security ___  Environment ___  Higher education ___  Child care 12.  Ã‚  To what degree does a political party’s stand on child care influence your decision to vote for that party’s candidate? ☠Ã‚  Strongly influences – determines my vote ☠Ã‚  Somewhat influences – can tip my vote in favour or in opposition ☠Ã‚  Has little or no influence – child care is not an election issue for me 13.  Ã‚  What province/territory do you live in? ☠Ã‚  Alberta ☠Ã‚  British Columbia ☠Ã‚  Manitoba ☠Ã‚  Newfoundland ☠Ã‚  New Brunswick ☠Ã‚  Northwest Territories ☠Ã‚  Nova Scotia ☠Ã‚  Nunavut ☠Ã‚  Ontario ☠Ã‚  Prince Edward Island ☠Ã‚  Quebec ☠Ã‚  Saskatchewan ☠Ã‚  Yukon 14.  What is the size of the population of the city or town where you live? ☠Ã‚  1,000,000+ ☠Ã‚  500,000 – 999,999 ☠Ã‚  100,000 – 499,999 ☠Ã‚  30,000 – 99,999 ☠Ã‚  10,000 – 29,999 ☠Ã‚  1,000 – 9,999 ☠Ã‚  Under 1,000 and rural 15.  Ã‚  Please tell us your primary employment status at this time ☠Ã‚  Employed full-time ☠Ã‚  Employed part-time ☠Ã‚  Parenting at home ☠Ã‚  Self-employed full-time ☠Ã‚  Self-employed part-time ☠Ã‚  On maternity/parental leave ☠Ã‚  Studying (with or without part-time job) ☠Ã‚  No paid employment ☠Ã‚  Retired 16.  Ã‚  What is your family’s structure? ☠Ã‚  Married or common-law couple ☠Ã‚  Divorced or separated, and primary caregiver for one or more child ☠Ã‚  Divorced or separated, but not primary caregiver for children ☠Ã‚  Single/lone parent 17.  Ã‚  What is your total annual household income? ☠Ã‚  Less than $16,000 ☠Ã‚  $16,000 $19,999 ☠Ã‚  $20,000 $29,999 ☠Ã‚  $30,000 $49,999 ☠Ã‚  $50,000 $74,999 ☠Ã‚  $75,000 $99,999 ☠Ã‚  More than $100,000 18.  Ã‚  Is there anything else that you would like to share with Today’s Parent with respect to your views on child care?

Circe essays

Circe essays Goddess, Sorceress, Witch, Enchantress Circe, the beautiful, but evil enchantress, the daughter of Helios and Perse, granddaughter of the ocean, and sister of a wizard. Circe lives on an island where she lures strangers into her power so that she can turn them into swine. On her island Aeaea, located off the western and eastern coast of Italy where strangers would be tricked into going to her house by the power of Circes singing. When the strangers would get to Circes house she would drug them and use them for slaves. Because of Circes evil doings, she is punished at night. Her house walls and chambers would be covered in blood, while fire would destroy her magic herbs. Circe was always glad to see daylight again. Circe would use daylight to bathe and clean herself, forgetting the awful night visions. Not only was Circe able to move the woods, but also make the ground shake, and the trees around her turn white. The powerful witch, Circe uses praying, herbs, and muttering, to control the sky, and to destroy her enemies. Circe is said to have been surrounded by many different types of beasts which cannot be seen anywhere else. Some say that the beasts were actually the drugged victims of Circe. Also, that Circe has hair that resembles flames from a fire. Many strangers visited Circe, but one particular struck Circes interest. It was Odysseus and his crew. Odysseus and his crew had been taken care of by Circe, she fed them, and gave them a place to stay and sleep. Very soon after Circe got to know Odysseus and his crew she turned them into swine by putting controlling drugs in their drinks. Except, the drug did not affect Odysseus, Odysseus, had taken a pill that a man gave him before he went i nto Circes house. The pill was to reject the drugs that Circe put in his drink. Even thought the pill rejected Circes drugs, she still seduced Odysseus a few weeks later. Now Circe and Odysseus have a girl n...

How to Self-Study for AP Exams 7-Step Plan

How to Self-Study for AP Exams 7-Step Plan SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips AP self-study is when you study for an AP exam on your own and then take the AP test without taking the class. This is possible because the College Board does not actually require you to take the class associated with a given AP exam to take the test! You might be asking yourself: why do people self-study? Is self-studying right for me?Then, once you've decided to self-study, and you’ve chosen the AP exam you want to study for, you may find yourself wondering how to go about preparing for the test on your own. Where should you start? What do you need to cover? What materials should you use? Never fear, intrepid self-studiers! My seven-step approach to self-studying, from deciding if self-studying is right for you to taking the exam, will explain exactly how to self-study for an AP testand help you tackle the task ahead of you in a way that is manageable, makes sense, and prepares you for the exam. Onward and upwards! Step 1: Decide If Self-Studying Is Something You Should Do Before we get into how to self-study, make sure it's the right approach for you. You might self-study for a variety of reasons: your schedule doesn’t allow you to take an AP course when it’s offered at your school, your school doesn’t offer an AP course in a subject you want to study, you have a pre-existing knowledge base in a subject (like a foreign language you speak at home), and so on. Some students also self-study for an AP exam while they are taking the non-AP version of a course. For example, you might self-study for AP Biology while you are taking Honors Biology and just supplement what you learn in class with the extra material that’s covered on the AP exam. These are all valid reasons to self-study. When you do decide whether or not to self-study, you’ll need to consider how self-motivated you are, how much time you actually have to do extra studying outside of class, and how difficult the exam you want to take is. In general, you’ll want to self-study for an AP exam that is limited in scope, not too conceptual (so no Calculus!), and that you are interested in. Some popular self-study choices include AP Environmental Science, AP Human Geography, and AP Psychology. For further info on self-study, as well as a guide to deciding whether or not to self-study, you can see my introduction to AP self-study.To help you choose a self-study exam, you can also see my list of Best APs to Self-Study. Step 2: Figure Out What You Need to Learn I’m assuming you have a general idea of what your chosen self-study exam is about, or you wouldn’t have picked it. But you need more than that to prepare- you need specific, actionable knowledge on exactly what the test is going to cover. Exactly what you personally need to cover will depend a lot on where you are starting from. If you already have a basic proficiency in the skill or subject, you will not need to cover the material as comprehensively as you will if you are starting from scratch. Similarly, if you are going to self-study for an AP while you are in the Honors (or other non-AP) version of the class, you will only need to cover the material that won’t be taughtin the classroom. No matter your situation, though, you will need to compare what you know with what you are required to know for the exam. So you’ll need a complete list of all of the core competencies necessary for the AP test. For this, you will want to turn to your trusty College Board website.The first thing you’ll want to look at is the â€Å"AP Course and Exam Description† for the course you are self-studying. Find this document on the main course page which you can access from the College Board’s AP Student list of AP courses.This document will include a comprehensive description of the skills and content areas you need to know for the exam. (Note: for courses that haven’t been revised for a long time, the document will just be called â€Å"AP Course Description.†) Examine this document closely; take separate notes on what things you still need to learn based on the course description.If you have preexisting knowledge in the subject, you should also note content areas listed in the description that you already have a handle on and things that you sort of know but might be shaky on. If you are self-studying concurrently with a non-AP class, it will help you a lot to have a copy of the syllabus for your non-AP course. This will letyou see what the examcovers but your class doesn't,andthose are going to be the areas to focus on. You should also look at the teacher resources on the AP course audit page for the course you are self-studying. There, you’ll be able to look at sample syllabi for the course. This may help you clarify some of the competencies in the course description if you aren’t sure exactly what they mean. You can also see textbook recommendations from the College Board on this page. Essentially, you’ll use the College Board’s resources to develop your own document describing what you need to learn before the exam. It doesn’t quite have to be a syllabus, but that’s more or less how it will function for you- it will help you keep track of what you’ve learned and what you still need to cover. This can be a working document- if you realize during the course of your prep that there’s a topic area you missed, or one that doesn’t seem particularly relevant for the exam after all, feel free to change stuff around! This is just how you’ll establish a starting point for your preparation. On your mark, get set, prep! Step 3: Make a Schedule and Stick to It! Once you’ve gotten a working document of what you need to cover for the test, divide it up into a schedule. Again, some topics may end up taking you a little longer than you thought, and some may take less time. This is fine, just so long as you keep a steady pace and don’t fall way behind in your schedule. In addition to having an overall schedule - cover topic X for two weeks, Y for three weeks- make a schedule of when you are going to sit down and prepare every week. Having consistent times each week that you set aside for self-study prep will keep you on track and make it easier to get through the material. To that end, you may also want to decide on a specific place where you’re going to study: your kitchen table, the library, your grandma’s back porch- wherever, but a consistent place where you can work free of distractions will make preparation feel more routine and keep you motivated. Step 4: Find and Use a Variety of Study Resources Once you’ve drawn up a rough schedule, you’ll need to figure out how you’re going to learn the material: what resources will you use? I recommend using a variety of resources. Processing the information multiple ways and in multiple formats will help you retain it and keep the studying process interesting (well, as interesting as it can be). That said, do be aware of how you learn best- if you aren’t an auditory learner, for example, podcasts won’t be a particularly useful study tool for you. Here are four kinds of study resources you might consider. Textbooks A good textbook is, in truth, the most important item in your arsenal for most AP exams. It’s your one-stop learning shop that will help you learn the material, structure your preparation, and try outreview questions. So, it’s critical that you choose a good one (or good ones! There’s no rule that you can’t use more than one textbook to prepare). Here are some ideas for finding good textbooks: Check the College Board’s list of textbook recommendations onthe AP course audit page for your exam. If you’re self-studying for an AP course that is actually offered at your school, you might see what textbook is used for the course. Ask students what they think of it and if they find it helpful. Read reviews of any textbook you are thinking about purchasing (or getting from the library). Pay special attention to whether or not students felt it prepared them for the exam. You can also see our textbook recommendations for AP US History, AP Biology, AP Chemistry, and AP Psychology. Review Books A good review book is probably the second-most important resource a self-studier can have, after a good textbook. It isn’t necessarily the best way to learn the material in a comprehensive fashion, but a lucid, exam-focused prep book will help you review everything that’s most important to remember for the test. As the day of your exam draws closer, review books will help ensure all the knowledge you learned by self-studying stays in your head. To find a good prep book, read reviews! We have recommendations for AP US History, AP Biology, AP Human Geography, and AP Psychology, but you can also look on Amazon, College Confidential, and elsewhere for reviews. The Princeton Review and Barron’s are two generally well-regarded AP review book sources, but making sure you’re getting the best book for the specific course you are studying is important. Don't do this to your books if you got them from the library, please. Online Content Providers and MOOCs You will probably get the real meat of your self-study material from your trusty textbook(s) and review book(s), but there are other, supplemental resources that can help you learn and review AP concepts. Online lecture videos and MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) are an excellent example of a supplementary resource you might use for self-study. Massive Open Online Courses are online classes created by educational institutions to make their educational resources accessible to a broader audience. They generally involve lecture videos; some also have additional material like practice exercises and assessments. Many of them are free! You can use online lecture videos and MOOCs to learn all kinds of material. Some will have a more general, topical focus that is not AP-specific; others are specifically for learning AP material and review. Even AP-specific MOOCs are generally not accredited by the College Board (i.e. they do not have the College Board’s official seal of approval, like an AP class at your high school). This just means that you should stick to the most reputable providers and look for reviews from other self-studiers if you can find them. (You might try to College Confidential forums or the Reddit AP pages.) Some of the best online content and MOOC providers: Khan Academyoffers tons of free educational modules on a huge variety of topics covered by AP exams. In addition to awesome video lessons, they have helpful quizzes to check your skills. You can also find most of their videos on their YouTube channel. EdX, founded by Harvard and MIT, has tons of free MOOC modules applicable to the AP, including some specifically targeted to AP exams. Coursera also offers tons of relevant MOOCs from a variety of colleges and universities. Podcasts and YouTube Videos Podcasts and YouTube videos are another great supplemental resource for learning about specific topics and concepts. You can find channels on everything from WWII History to astronomy to foreign language learning- definitely poke around to see what might be useful! To give you a head-start, here are some helpful resources you might want to check out, sorted by topic: General (Little Bit of Everything) TedEd - a YouTube channel from the people who bring you Ted Talks. Videos on all kinds of subjects that could be useful for your AP exam. Science The Sci Show - This YouTube channel explains all kinds of scientific phenomena. Probably of specific interest to AP Bio self-studiers, as there are lots of explanations of biological processes (and answers to some very important questions, like whether or not you have to give up bacon.) The Naked Scientists - a podcast covering all kinds of science topics. Useful for self-studying any science AP. (But please don’t self-study AP chemistry or AP physics! I’m very serious! See my list of best AP classes to self-study if you don’t believe me). History Biography channel - Their YouTube channel offers tons of â€Å"mini-biography† videos for notable historical figures. A good way to learn some key points about the major players in your history textbook. APUSH review by Adam Norris - a YouTube channel about, you guessed it, reviewing AP US History. He also has videos on AP Government. The Podcast History of Our World - A podcast series focusing on world history. Most of the current episodes cover ancient history (so, periods 1 and 2 for the AP World History exam). The History Chicks - A podcast by women about notable women from history. Mostly Euro-centric. English Grammar Girl - A podcast with super-short episodes ongrammar and writing tips. If there’s a particular idiom or grammatical rule that trips you up, this is a great resource! Foreign Language Audiria - A podcast site specifically for Spanish-language learners. You can pick podcasts by difficulty level and topic. How cool is that? An early podcaster in his native element. Step 5: Take Notes and Self-Assess While you’re consuming all of your top-quality study resources- reading your textbook, watching your Khan Academy videos, perusing your review book- it’s very important that you interact with the material. That means take notes! I know; taking notes is boring and not fun. But you will use your self-study time more efficiently if you take good notes that you can refer back to later. This way, when it’s time to review everything you’ve learned, you’ll have an easy, comprehensive resource to look at. You don’t have to take regular outline-based notes if you don’t want to. You could draw out a mind map or make flashcards for the content you learn instead. (In fact, I highly recommend making flashcards at some point for content-heavy courses like AP Biology or the history APs.) The important thing is that you are making a record of the significant information as you learn it, to help you retain it and to help you review. On a similar note, it’s also important that you occasionally test yourself to make sure you are actually learning the material. Your trusty textbook probably has practice problems at the end of each chapter you can complete. As you learn more material, you’ll probably want to use AP practice tests to make sure you’re really getting at the essential knowledge for the test (see step sevenfor more on AP practice exams). Step 6: Register for the Test! This is an essential step that you will need to complete in early March. If your school offers AP courses, you’ll need to talk to your school’s AP exam coordinator (probably a guidance counselor) about ordering the exam for you. If your school doesn’t offer AP courses, you will need to call AP Services (domestic number 888-225-5427) by March 1 to get the information for schools in your area that will test outside students. You will then need to get in touch with the school the College Board directs you to by March 15. You can see complete instructions for registering for the test here, including registering for an exam your school doesn’t offer. Registering will set you back $92. If you qualify for financial assistance from the College Board, you’ll get a $30 discount. You should also remember to make arrangements with your regular teachers since you’ll be missing class the day of your exam. Not much else to say here except that if you forget to complete this step, all your prep time will be for naught! Step 7: Exam Prep and Review When the exam starts to draw closer- I would say around the midpoint of your designated study time- you’ll want to start reviewing material you already covered and prepping for the exam format. This is when you’ll want to bust out your notes/flashcards, your review book(s), and your practice tests. See my article on finding the best AP practice tests for tips on how to find top-quality practice resources. Practice AP tests will help familiarize you with the exam formatand let you know how to adjust your studying and what to focus on going forward. If you keep missing questions about the Enlightenment even though you already covered it, you’ll know to go back and review that some more. In terms of how many practice tests you should complete, that’s somewhat dependent on how much time you’ve allotted for self-study, but somewhere in the three-five rangewill work for most students. You may do more individual free-response or short-answer practice questions than that, but in terms of complete practice tests, three to five should be sufficient. You should plan to wrap up learning new content a few weeks to a month before the exam so you can dedicate the last few weeks solely to reviewing content and practicing. This will help you make sure that everything is polished and ready, and you aren’t scrambling to cram information on the Civil Rights Movement into your head the night before the test. Once you’re all prepped, all that’s left is to take the test! Be sure to do all the usual test-taking best practices like getting a good night’s sleep and packing everything you need the night before, and then go rock that thing! Rock it like this stack of rocks! Staying Motivated While Self-Studying Even with a solid study plan, it can be hard to stay motivated when you are taking on a pretty big project like studying for an AP exam on your own. So here are three tips for keeping on task when you self-study: #1: Build in Rewards If you can think of a reward to give yourself every time you complete a scheduled study session and for milestones in your self-studying process, you’ll have an easier time staying on track. Maybe you’ll watch an episode of your favorite show to close out every study session or bake cookies every time you finish out a topic area. The key is to save that reward for studying- so no binge-watching your show outside of study sessions or baking cookies for no reason! That way you’ll keep the reward tied to your progress. #2: Recruit a Study Buddy If you know someone else who is self-studying, study together! It doesn’t even have to be the same AP just so long as you are consistently meeting. This will help ensure that you show up for study sessions. Make a pact to help keep each other on track, though- don’t fall into thehabitof goofing off together during your study times instead! #3: Be Accountable to Someone Even if you don’t have a dedicated study buddy, you can still make yourself accountable to someone else- a parent, friend, or other trusted person in your life. Tell them your study schedule and ask them to help you enforce it. If you can get them to text or call you when it’s time for you to start studying and ask you about your progress throughout the year, it will help you keep on task. There’s nothing like knowing someone else expects you to get something done to help you push through! I'm accountable to this donut...for eating it. Key Takeaways You’ll find self-studying much easier if you’re armed with a plan. Here are my six steps to self-study success: Figure out what you need to learn. Make a schedule. Find a variety of high-quality materials. Take notes and self-assess as you learn. Register for the test. Prep for the exam and review what you’ve learned! Even with a plan, it can be hard to stay motivated. Some strategies that might work for you include: Reward yourself for getting work done. Find someone to study with! Be accountable to someone else. Now you know how to self-study for an AP exam. If you follow these steps and put in the work, you’ll be sure to hit your target score! What's Next? If you want to know all of your AP course and exam options, we have a complete list. Thinking about online AP courses as an alternative to self-study? See my introduction to online AP courses and reviews of the best online AP class options. Be sure to check out our guide to the redesigned SATto see what's been changed. You might also think about taking the ACT instead. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

RECRUITMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

RECRUITMENT - Essay Example Employers will not have to take drastic measures aimed at increasing employee morale; this is because the employee during the application process already knew what she was getting into in the first place. The approach is also strategic in that the employee will eliminate applicants whose motivation in the work place will be derailed by the negative aspects of the job. This saves time and resources for the employer in terms of not training an employee who will not match up the job’s expectations. On the other hand, the applicant is given a chance to look for a different job, which matches up her expectations (Pickard 1). The first disadvantage associated with this approach is the fact that many applicants become discouraged and develop negative attitudes towards a task they have not already engaged. For instance, presenting the applicants with videos depicting views of other employees regarding their job may instill negativity in an employee who is highly motivated. This is true because some employees are usually more motivated than others; they see any negativity as an avenue for a new opportunity (Pickard 1). The second disadvantage is on the side of the employer. Many capable employees will be turned down, and the employer will be obligated to channel more resources to be used for advertisement purposes. The employer will waste a lot of time looking for suitable employees and this result in unproductive working days (Pickard 1). The third disadvantage is that the method kills any morale or inner motivation from an applicant. The employees in the video may state many positive aspects of the job and a single negative aspect. The applicants may come to register the negative aspect, which results in killing their morale for that job. The negativity expressed by the employees maybe personal, furthermore it may also be difficult to prove the truthfulness of the employees in the video

Reflective analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective analysis - Essay Example I believe that this ability to identify one’s mistakes, learning perfection and the ability to rectify them rather than ignoring the fact of being imperfect, makes me a better person and professional having the ability to improve with every step and instance. The learning outcome I really wanted to pursue is the development of â€Å"understanding that grammatical and mechanical errors detract from achieving their communication purposes†. The grammatical mistakes I made in my earlier writings made the content I wrote awkward and confusing for the reader. For instance, the use of punctuation could make this sentence taken from my January 18 submission, better by replacing â€Å"These celebrities all have thousands if not millions of followers on their social media profiles† with â€Å"These celebrities all have thousands, if not millions, of followers on their social media profiles†. Similarly, a sentence in my January 15 submission read â€Å"I think Toulmin model is the most effective for the evaluative rhetorical analysis I am composing, because my theis is "drug free"†; here the word ‘theis’ makes the reader confused and perplexed as to the meaning of it. The correction needed here was with the spelling of ‘thesis’ and it makes the entire message clear for the reader with proper sense. At times, wrong use of writing structures and mechanics make the work incomprehensible for the reader. I have learnt it from a review of my submissions during the course. For instance, my January 21 submission includes that â€Å"Everyone has one partner, then we read draft each other to find somewhere need to improve, like grammar, etc. ,I think this is a great method for revise draft.† The sentence could make more sense and deliver better meanings by an amendment in the structure and formation of it. It could have been better to say â€Å"Everyone has a partner to work with. After writing the draft, we read each other’s work to identify areas for improvement

Trillion Dollar Bet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trillion Dollar Bet - Essay Example Quantitative finance is still a huge part of institutional investing, but despite that fact there are still those traders who feel that it is used too much. This in the end creates a certain amount of hostility between the "rocket scientists" or "quants" and the "intuitive" traders who depend only minimally on mathematics. What is interesting, and also unfortunate about this tension, is that no one has really conducted a study that would shed light on which approach is more optimal in terms of making money for either individual investors or financial institutions. Such a study would be fascinating, and would give much needed and incredibly valuable information on trading strategies. The viewer is given the opportunity to learn of the attempts that have been made to find a mathematical formula for risk, which after some decades of research has finally been achieved by Myron Scholes and Fisher Black, with important contributions as well from Robert Merton. The 'Black-Scholes equation' is now ubiquitous in financial engineering, and as the program mentions, is greatly used in trading pits to estimate the price of an option. This part of the program is actually very interesting, for it discusses the historical origins of quantitative finance, in looking at the thesis of Louis Bechalier. ... For example, the factors which lead LTCM to go into liquidation are not immediately known. The viewer is also led to believe that the LTCM organization, through its vast positioning, aggravated the financial turmoil at that time. With the unknown reasoning behind the ultimate liquidation, any such conclusions or statements first should go through serious research before any final decision is made. No evidence for this is given in the program, and also many of the guests reflect a certain bias against quantitative finance. Bias on any topic can lead to an unfortunate sense of crucial facts being potentially ignored in favor of siding with a popular idea(s). For starters, one of the guests on the program, Stan Jonas of FINAT Brothers, makes reference to a collection of people who a consumer would want to "manage their money." In the end, who are these people and what justifies imputing to them this rare ability Also what is their track record in investment Do they consistently make money, and is this consistency verifiable to an external observer It is these questions which are truly important, and is imperative to ask in order to have a fully well rounded understanding of the subject matter that is being assessed. Sadly, Jonas does not give any names or examples unfortunately, and his statements do reflect to an already mentioned degree of bias against the practice of mathemati cal modeling in finance. Such a bias in and of itself is not necessarily bad, but a reader who is really interested in studying the difference in efficacious between trading strategies, i.e. maybe between those that exploit complex mathematics and those that do not, will not gain anything from Jonas' statements. Such

Sponsrship letter Juj Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sponsrship letter Juj - Essay Example My musical ambience stems from my family background. My grandfather was a great violinist and as a child, I would sit at his feet and listen to him play the violin. A gulf of joy would maroon me when I heard an instrument and as a result, I learnt to play basic notes of some musical instruments. My grandfather took that opportunity to teach me the rudiments of music at a very age. His influence further cultivated my interest in music. I spend most of my free time at the Arts Equipment department sometimes alone, trying to relive those nostalgic moments with my grandfather. Walnut Hill has offered me the best resources to nurture my talent. It has state of the art equipment and the instructors have been patient and helpful. The professors have shown me that music is a passion and a way of life and so, I do not plan on quitting music after graduation. I will continue studying music until I reach point where there is nothing more to learn. One of the things that I will miss is the friendship and bonding that I and my peers share. We have really grown fond of each other. I and other classmates have formed a musical band that plays at functions in and outside the campus. These performances enable us to perfect our craft while at the same time; the exposure widens our horizons and the prospects of success. Coming to Walnut Hill was the best thing that ever happened to me. My act of appreciation towards your generosity is manifested through the good grades I am attaining and my ability to compose good music that we often perform at gigs and are really applauded by our audience. Your financial assistance made my dream come true. This world is made better by philanthropic people like you. So, once again I would like to show my deep appreciation by saying thank you. People like you are hard to come by. I had so much fun at Walnut Hill and I am saddened to know that I will be leaving soon. I

Sounds of Silence by Simon and Garfunkel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sounds of Silence by Simon and Garfunkel - Essay Example The genre was known by the name of folk/rock. Tom Wilson, while listening to the song â€Å"Mr. Tambourine Man† flickered with the idea of making a folk/rock with Simon and Garfunkel with whom he had already worked successfully with their debutant album. Simon and Garfunkel the duo recorded the song for their first album â€Å"Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.† in the year 1964. Latter on it was overdubbed with the inclusion of the instruments like electric bass, drums and electric guitar. As a single, the song was released in the month of September 1965 and the song was written by Paul Simon of the duo in the month of February 1964. The song â€Å"Sounds of Silence† is the most popular song released by the duo in the United States after their most well-liked hit† Bridge Over Troubled Water† (Simons 1-120). During 1960s and 70s, many genres of music like rock, alternative rock, folk rock and country rock evolved which sung the saga of the men and time during which these songs evolved, The ‘Numero Uno’ or the number one track of the chartbuster during the year 1966 by Simon and Garfunkel also reiterates the social and political turmoil of the time (Charlesworth 1-125). THESIS STATEMENT The song, â€Å"Sounds of Silence† delineates many socio-cultural and socio-political issues within its melodious presentation. This essay intends to explore the subtle thematic paradigm imbibed behind the acoustic and electrified versions of this intense song. SOUNDS OF SILENCE: A REFLECTION Without getting much into the thin line of difference that separates the two genres of music during the sixties; the folk and the pop that strikingly evolves out through this song, it is quintessential to perceive the magic and enchantment the song delivers. The tempo, the rhythm, orchestration and above all the melody of the song is just splendid to fall back upon and listen to with close eyes. However, the most powerful aspect of the song is its lyrics. Poetry is inherent within a totalitarian scheme of things operating and pervading the song. From its rhetoric to words and intonation there is poetry imbibed within every layer and every aspect of the song (Technorati, Inc, â€Å"Music Review: Simon & Garfunkel - Sounds Of Silence - Page 2†) â€Å"The Sounds of Silence†: In restless dreams I walk alone Narrow streets of cobblestone, 'Neath the halo of a street lamp, I turned my collar to the cold and damp When my eyes were stabbed by the flash of a neon light That split the night And touched the sound of silence† (SongMeanings, â€Å"Simon and Garfunkel – The Sound of Silence†). No one can undermine the powerful use of language in the song. As a matter of fact, since the release of the song with more vigor and overwhelming confidence Paul Simon started writing songs which were definitely taking him to a higher echelon of poets. A rare master of storytelling and craftsmanship of imagery that Simon was, started lurking large in the song and the conversant style of the song made it more popular and relative: â€Å"Hello darkness, my old friend, I've come to talk with you again, Because a vision softly creeping, Left its seeds while I was sleeping, And the vision that was planted in my brain Still remains Within the sound of silence† (SongMeanings, â€Å"Simon and Garfunkel – The Sound of Silence†). As the song was so popular and close to everyone’s heart or to be precise it was deliberately made so much appealing because it tried to captivate the particular essence of socio-political catastrophe taking place at the political domain of America. The song â€Å"The Sounds of Silence† is particularly written after the assassination of John F. Kennedy and the social and political degradation of America as a nation and

Sponsrship letter Juj Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sponsrship letter Juj - Essay Example My musical ambience stems from my family background. My grandfather was a great violinist and as a child, I would sit at his feet and listen to him play the violin. A gulf of joy would maroon me when I heard an instrument and as a result, I learnt to play basic notes of some musical instruments. My grandfather took that opportunity to teach me the rudiments of music at a very age. His influence further cultivated my interest in music. I spend most of my free time at the Arts Equipment department sometimes alone, trying to relive those nostalgic moments with my grandfather. Walnut Hill has offered me the best resources to nurture my talent. It has state of the art equipment and the instructors have been patient and helpful. The professors have shown me that music is a passion and a way of life and so, I do not plan on quitting music after graduation. I will continue studying music until I reach point where there is nothing more to learn. One of the things that I will miss is the friendship and bonding that I and my peers share. We have really grown fond of each other. I and other classmates have formed a musical band that plays at functions in and outside the campus. These performances enable us to perfect our craft while at the same time; the exposure widens our horizons and the prospects of success. Coming to Walnut Hill was the best thing that ever happened to me. My act of appreciation towards your generosity is manifested through the good grades I am attaining and my ability to compose good music that we often perform at gigs and are really applauded by our audience. Your financial assistance made my dream come true. This world is made better by philanthropic people like you. So, once again I would like to show my deep appreciation by saying thank you. People like you are hard to come by. I had so much fun at Walnut Hill and I am saddened to know that I will be leaving soon. I

Wind Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wind Power - Essay Example History of Wind Power The term windmill came from the invention of early machines used by farmers for milling grain. Wind was the main source of power for the machines hence the name windmill. These machines were first used in Persia and China around 500 AD according to Ollholf (6). Windmills were also used in Netherlands for pumping water from the ground. The United States in 1870’s had its farmers using the power of the wind through windmills in pumping water. In the 1980’s electricity could be generated through the use of windmills. The first individual to use wind turbine in the generation of electricity was Charles Brush according to Sharman (10). However the invention of the power grid which used fossil fuels overcame the use of windmills in generating electricity. In 1931, the first commercial power plant using the wind turbines in generation of electricity was established in Russia. In the 1970’s with the rise in the price of oil, wind turbines which were stronger and lighter were invented as a source of power. The largest wind power farm established in the United States was built at Altamont pass, California. The Use of Wind Power Today With the many challenges facing the use of fossil fuels such as increased globalization, wind power is regaining its importance as source of energy. Wind power today is regarded as the most rapidly growing source of renewable energy. The wind power produces about one percent of the United States energy with Europe producing and using more than this. Wind power in Denmark produces around twenty percent of the countries electricity. More developed windmills have been established which are made up of three parts; the tower, blades and the box. These windmills have equipment used for converting wind motion into electricity according to Ollholf (8). The modern wind power through wind pumps is used in different ways. For instance it is used in pumping underground water which used for various purposes such as drinking, watering crops, and cooking. The windmills are still used today in grinding grains into flour. The use of wind power today has improved the lives of people living in dry and hot areas as it ensures water is pumped from underground to the surface or places of need. Small wind turbines which are capable of running generators help create electricity for powering televisions, lights and radios in areas where there in rural areas. The wind turbines sometimes form part of a hybrid system for generating power together with solar energy which is reliable and affordable for villagers not connected to the national grid. Floating wind turbines have been established today which are more economical in shipping and installation activities. Wind power turbines which possess contra-rotating rotors have been used today in aircrafts, marines for improving propulsion. The contra-rotating rotor is also used in offsetting of system reactive torques. How Wind Power can be used To Impact the Society As the use of wind power as source of energy continues to grow, more developed and newer applications are appearing in the society. Wind turbines which are able to ride offshore have been envisioned. The use of wind powered electric cars has also been envisioned to apply in the future as suggested by Gipe (390). With the increased global warming due to the use of fossil fuels, a future where communities are powered by the use of wind turbines has been envisioned. Another development that could improve the use of wind power in future is integration of the current windmill with installation. This will involve selling and installing of windmills in the homes like any other appliance used in the house. The enhancements of wind power machines will make

Case Method Essay Example for Free

Case Method Essay This introduction is intended to provide students with some basic information about the case method, and guidelines about what they must do to gain the maximum benefit from the method. We begin by taking a brief look at what case studies are, and how they are used in the classroom. Then we discuss what the student needs to do to prepare for a class, and what she can expect during the case discussion. We also explain how student performance is evaluated in a case study based course. Finally, we describe the benefits a student of management can expect to gain through the use of the case method. There is no universally accepted definition for a case study, and the case method means different things to different people. Consequently, all case studies are not structured similarly, and variations abound in terms of style, structure and approach. Case material ranges from small caselets (a few paragraphs to one-two pages) to short cases (four to six pages) and from 10 to 18 page case studies to the longer versions (25 pages and above). A case is usually a â€Å"description of an actual situation, commonly involving a decision, a challenge, an opportunity, a problem or an issue faced by a person or persons in an organization. 1 In learning with case studies, the student must deal with the situation described in the case, in the role of the manager or decision maker facing the situation. An important point to be emphasized here is that a case is not a problem. A problem usually has a unique, correct solution. On the other hand, a decision-maker faced with the situation described in a case can choose between several alternative courses of action, and each of these alternatives may plausibly be supported by logical argument. To put it simply, there is no unique, correct answer in the case study method. The case study method usually involves three stages: individual preparation, small group discussion, and large group or class discussion. While both the instructor and the student start with the same information, their roles are clearly different in each of these stages, as shown in Table 1. 1 Michiel R. Leeenders, Louise A. Mauffette-Launders and James Erskine, Writing Cases, (Ivey Publishing, 4th edition) 3. l Learning with Cases Table 1 Teacher and Student Roles in a Regular Case Class When Before Class Teacher Assigns case and often readings Prepares for class May consult colleagues During Class After Class Deals with readings Leads case discussion Evaluates and records student participation Evaluates materials and updates teaching note Student or Participant Receives case and assignment Prepares individually Discusses case in small group Raises questions regarding readings Participates in discussion Compares personal analysis with colleagues’ analysis. Reviews class discussion for major concepts learned. Source: Michiel R. If the stick had the picture of a motorbike, the consumer was entitled to the second prize, a TVS motorbike. If the print portrayed a camera, the customer was entitled to the third prize, a Canon camera. The picture of an ice candy stick won the consumer, the consolation prize of a Feast Jaljeera Blast (actual jaljeera drink, in the form of an ice candy). In 2002, HLL launched an innovative, aggressive and the first of its kind promotional campaign called ‘Ek Din Ka Raja’ (EDKR). Unlike the previous product specific campaigns, EDKR covered the entire range of ice creams. Running from March 2002 to May 2002, EDKR was the biggest ever promotional campaign for Kwality Wall’s. The contest was awarded the Best Promotion Campaign in India award at the Promotion Marketing Awards of Asia (PMAA) in Singapore. The promotion also won two more awards in Asia a Silver for the ‘Best Idea or Concept’ and a Bronze for the ‘Best use of Direct Marketing’ out of 97 short listed entries from Singapore, India, 38 Unilever in India: Building the Ice Cream Business Philippines, China, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand and Korea. 16 The total number of redemptions was close to a million, with each consumer spending a minimum of Rs. 100 to Rs. 125 per redemption. The EDKR contest entitled up to 10 lucky consumers to spend Rs 10 lakhs in a days shopping with their family in Mumbai. They

The Society Of Jesus The Jesuits Religion Essay

The Society Of Jesus The Jesuits Religion Essay The Society of Jesus is unlike any other Catholic order in existence. From the day of its inception in the basement of a Paris church of Saint Denis till today the Jesuits have always been more progressive than the rest of the Catholic Church. The Jesuits were created by an ex-soldier and nobleman by the name Ignatius of Loyola. They went out into the world and worked hands on with the communities that they were helping. The Jesuits spread out through the world building schools, hospitals and instilled a sense of solidarity in millions over the years. At any given point in history they were considered either the most valuable order of the Catholic Church or its scourge. They pledged an oath to the Pope and yet they question many of the Catholic Doctrines. The Jesuits are a very flexible, progressive order in a theocracy known for its resistance to change and a strict set of rules. Since their beginning the Jesuits have seemed to always be involved in some controversy with the Church. St. Ignatius was born Inigo Lopez de Loyola in 1491 and was the youngest son of a Spanish nobleman in the Basque country. In 1509 he entered the military and fought for twelve years without ever being seriously injured, until the Battle of Pamploma. At the Battle of Pamploma in 1521 while defending the Spanish border from the French he was hit by a cannonball that shattered his right leg. This injury ended his prosperous military career and even though he did not yet know it, started what would become a legacy lasting half a century. After Ignatius injury he returned to his fathers castle and underwent multiple surgeries in an effort to regain the use of his leg. While recuperating he came across a book entitled De Vita Christi written by Ludolph Saxony that chronicled and commented on the life of Jesus Christ. The message Ignatius discerned from these books altered his entire way of life. He also began to see visions that he could not accurately describe except for a sense of calm and peace that accompanied them. After he had fully recovered Ignatius began a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. When he returned to Spain he chose to abandon his life of privilege and live in poverty, doing works of charity, fasting and learning Latin. He began to preach the gospels to groups of men and women. Large crowds would gather entranced by his oratory. Gradually he began to attract the attention of the Spanish Inquisition and was imprisoned twice, presumably because he was seen as a possible threat to the papacy. After a period of tim e living on the streets and searching for his spirituality he had an epiphany, or a mystical experience that began his spiritual journey. This understanding led him to the University of Paris and his future. In 1534 Ignatius entered the University of Paris to continue his education. While attending the University he met six men whom all became as close as brothers. After the seven men had completed their studies they all took a vow of chastity and poverty and began working in hospitals and teaching religion. Eventually Ignatius and two friends went to Rome and placed themselves at the disposal of the Pope. In 1539 Ignatius asked his old companions from the University to meet him in Rome. They presented themselves to the Pope and petitioned to form the new order The Society of Jesus. In 1540 Pope Paul III officially gave permission to form the new order. Ignatius was then elected as the first Superior General 1541 and served until his death fifteen years later in 1556. Ignatius military past and new spirituality establishes the structure and rules of The Society of Jesus, setting them apart from the rest of the Catholic Church. Since the day Ignatius and his friends took their vows the Jesuits were already different from the other orders within the church. They took the same first three vows as all other Catholic priests; poverty, chastity and obedience. However they also took a vow of obedience to the Pope himself. A very important difference that visibly sets Jesuits apart from other priests is that they are not required to where a habit. This allows them to move more freely through foreign lands and to assimilate with the native people. Also they were not required to congregate in order to hold prayer which allows more individuality than other orders. A Jesuit can pray anywhere they wish so long as God is in their heart. These seemingly insignificant differences are what allow the Jesuits to move relatively free throughout the World. Having this un-fettered rein of what they can do and when is what permits them to tangibly help the people in their communities and missions. The Jesuits began spreading out all over the globe, wherever the Pope sent them they went, and because of the different approach the Jesuits took towards their missions they were able to succeed where others had failed. For example, China had a long history of attempted conversion by various Christian religions. Because of this, China closed its boarders to foreigners. In 1583 the Jesuit priest, Father Matteo Ricci, was able to gain a foothold in the Chinese Empire. Ricci accomplished this by adapting to Chinese customs, learning the language and dressing like a Chinese literati which was an educated native in China. Through academics Ricci was able to gain trust, respect and eventually was became a consultant to the Emperor. Ricci and the other Jesuits that came later were valued for their extensive knowledge of Western science, which at the time China was severely lacking. Relationships between the Jesuits and the Chinese were strained at times but a lot of that tension stemmed fro m the Popes rigid stance on the old Chinese customs and refusal to modify Catholic Doctrine. The Jesuits had begun to spread all over the World. In 1859 the second attempt at entering Indonesia succeeded with the work of Francis Van Lith S.J. He followed the same path that Ricci had set forth three centuries before. He adopted the culture, helped build schools, churches and medical centers. Lith was able to do this because had the foresight to reach out to the village leaders and teach them first. Once he baptized the four village leaders the rest of the villagers slowly followed, Lith also was shrewd enough to not try and destroy the customs of the converts. Not all efforts by the Jesuits succeeded however. Initially they had huge success and were able to convert three hundred thousand Japanese. However the Japanese government saw the influx of Western ideas as a threat and effectively exterminated the Jesuits efforts. On the other side of the World the Jesuits were fighting a different battle in Latin America. The Jesuits had built missions all over Latin America, which many European colonial powers felt threatened by their presence. They were not worried about the Jesuits themselves, they were worried that the indigenous people would be protected and therefore not available for slavery. Europe was correct in their fears. The Jesuits began converting the natives and building cities to keep them safe from slavery. Two of these cities are Sao Paolo and Rio de Janeiro which are now flourishing as major metropolitans. In todays world the Jesuits are still just as active as they were during colonialism times, their goals have shifted but they retain the Ignatian values and ideals. Currently there are nineteen thousand Jesuits worldwide making them the largest male order in the world. The Society of Jesus has become something like a bureaucracy with multiple levels of leadership, and an internal system of rules similar to our judicial system. The Society of Jesus has spread across the entire globe boasting a Jesuit presence in almost every country. There is one Superior General who is in charge of appointing a Jesuit to govern each of the 91 geographical regions which are referred to as Provinces. The Jesuit in charge of a Province is called a Father Superior. The Father Superior in turn appoints a Jesuit to preside over one of the ten assistances that each Province is split into. The current Superior General is Father Adolfo Nicolas S.J.; he was elected in 2008. Since St. Ignatius started the Jesuits one of his fundamental goals was education. The first Jesuit school was built in Italy in 1548. They have continued their mission of education and there are now three thousand seven hundred and thirty Jesuit schools. There are over four thousand Jesuits and one hundred twenty five thousand Lay persons working in an educational capacity. Not only are Jesuit institutions located all over the World but they are highly regarded as some of the best educational institutions as well. In India for example there are dozens of educational institutions and they are regarded as the best schools in the country. Japan has one of the top Jesuit Universities worldwide. These educators are helping to shape the minds of over two and a half million students. Not only do these schools teach the standard subjects, they also teach solidarity, social justice and how to be Men and women for others. Building schools and educating people is one aspect of the Jesuits goal of building solidarity and social awareness they have created a number of different organizations to combat the injustices occurring around the world. The African Jesuit AIDS Network (AJAN) works in AIDS ravaged areas of Africa and has been doing so since 2002. The Jesuits are helping in all kinds of facets on the ground level. They are organizing communities and creating solidarity and understanding of the epidemic and compassion for those afflicted with AIDS, helping the older child families that have lost both parents to AIDS. AJAN is working with the orphanages full of children, who have lost their families to the virus, and educating communities in the prevention of AIDs. In addition, an important part of the education process in Africa is helping to dispel the stigma attached to a person infected with HIV/AIDS. As always, the Jesuits try to keep with the traditional Ignatian ideals of respecting the culture s, customs and beliefs of the native people they are there to help. The Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) is another social justice organization that is working towards a world of solidarity and understanding. The mission of the JRS is to give a voice to displaced persons who have been removed from their homes. Some of the main issues they focus on are; improving the detention stations at the border, many atrocities occur in these refugee holding areas and the refugees are basically turned into prisoners. They are also a big advocate for the rights of refugee women. Many of whom are the victims of abuse and are being exploited, either in the refugee camps or by men taking advantage of a person who has just lost everything. This is a very noble part of their mission, unfortunately a necessary one. Keeping with the Jesuit mentality JRS is working to educate refugees. Not just with standard reading and writing but also how to acclimate to their new environment. The JRS has been actively involved in Haiti since 1990 and were one of the first groups to respond after the earthquake. They were instrumental in securing clean drinking water and providing temporary shelter immediately after the disaster. Typical of the Jesuits, they see that the physical needs of individuals must be helped before the religious education can begin. The Jesuit Conferences Secretariat for Social and International Ministry (JSIM) seems to be a monitoring system for the other social justice organizations under the Jesuits. Not just monitoring however because the Jesuits have always encouraged open dialogue between groups and the JSIM facilitates that. They also allow a forum for people in the community to talk about the Jesuit work that is being done in their area. JSIM works with all different types of community outreach programs that focus on solidarity for all. Some of the groups they work with include Jesuit Volunteer Corps, Ignatian Solidarity Network, the JRS and many more. They are also trying to raise the publics awareness on important social justice issues throughout the world. There are four main focal points right now. One is Africa with its AIDS pandemic and the constant state of warfare on the continent. Another is domestic poverty; they are trying to raise the minimum wage to a livable wage. Third is migration reform in which they are working very closely with the JRS. Lastly JSIM is calling for a peaceful end to the violence in Colombia and Iraq. They believe that through education and understanding that peace can be reached instead of through the use of force and violence They are also calling for an end to all forms of torture; it is cruel, inhumane and dehumanizing and has no place in modern society. JSIM is the Jesuits voice in congress. The Jesuits are a very wealthy and therefore a powerful order of the Catholic Church and because of this they can sometimes persuade the government. As they did in 1989 after the Jesuits in El Salvador were murdered. The U.S. government was trying to protect the El. Salvadorian Government, yet the Jesuits had enough political clout to force the U.S. to investigate and eventually convict some of the people responsible for the death of their Jesuit brothers. The Jesuit order has had a long history of controversy and debate with the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. The leaders of the Vatican have been calling for a return to the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church. Consecration to service to Christ cannot be separated from consecration to service to the Church. Ignatius and his first companions considered it thus when they wrote the formula of your Institute in which the essence of your charisma is spelled out: To serve the Lord and his Spouse the Church under the Roman Pontiff. It is with sorrow and anxiety that I see that the sentire cum ecclesia of which your founder frequently spoke is diminishing even in some members of religious families. The Church is waiting for a light from you to restore the sensus Ecclesiae.- Cardinal Franc Rode, 35th General Congregation of the Jesuits, Jan 8, 2008 Over time the Jesuits have become increasingly progressive and liberal which is where the disagreements and controversy originate. One of the major points of contention is currently the Churchs traditional teachings about Humanae Vitae which is Latin for Of Human Life. The church prohibits the use of any device that prohibits the transfer of human life, namely any form of contraceptive. Always looking at the issues from an academic standpoint the Jesuits contend that because of the AIDS epidemic condoms should be allowed to be used, not as contraception but as a preventative medical necessity to combat HIV/AIDS. Conservative Catholics have been critical for decades about the liberal atmosphere of Jesuit educational institutions. They feel that the Jesuits have moved to far from the ideals of the Catholic Church and are teaching ideas contrary to the strict doctrine of the Church. The controversy probably stems from the progressive nature of the Jesuits and their beliefs of acceptance and open mindedness. The Jesuits have always been an adaptable order adjusting to whatever situation they are sent into, whether it is an AIDS ravaged region of Africa, poverty and earthquake decimated Haiti or the new times we are entering with sexual liberation. The Jesuits recognize that changing times necessitate changes in the strict laws of the Vatican regarding homosexuality and contraception. Once again the Jesuits take a stance on the issue that doesnt directly conflict with that of the Vatican but does call for some changes. While they agree with the Vatican that the sanctity of marriage should be pres erved, they believe that just because a person is homosexual does not make them a sinner and that they should be allowed to receive Communion. The Jesuits are known for their shrewd tactics at addressing sensitive issues in the Church but at the same time they do hold firm to their progressive beliefs. We no longer exist to pat the conservative Christian on the back.- Un-named Jesuit, Time Magazine, Mon Apr. 23, 1973 I firmly believe that the actions and philosophies of peace and solidarity as practiced by the Jesuits in the past as wells today are essential to the survival of the Catholic Church. The Jesuits are the face for the church with respect to social justice; they desire to help every type of person from the AIDS victim to the refugee. It does seem that they may be spread a little thin due to the extensive nature of their work. While their charitable activities and their schools are commendable. However, the resources of the Jesuits like other Catholic organizations may be diminishing partly due to the multitude of different projects they are participating and the increasing needs of the helpless. This lack of resources could result in a failure of the Jesuit goals allowing the very individuals that they are trying to help to slip through the cracks. I believe that focusing on select and high impact issues may be more effective than being involved in a multitude of causes. Unfortunately this problem does not have a simple solution, how would the Jesuits decide who they will help and who they wont when one of their mottos is to be men and women for others not men and women for a select few. The Jesuits could possibly be more effective by redistributing the number of Jesuits across the globe and among the selected activities they sponsor. Sixty percent of Jesuits worldwide are located in just a few regions, namely the United States, Europe and South East Asia. The focus in the United States and in Europe is the area of education. This seems to be a problem because areas that are in desperate need of assistance are Africa and Latin America. These under-served areas only receive less than eight percent of Jesuit manpower. When the Society of Jesus was founded its mission was to go out to the far reaches of the world to help people and spread the word of God. Today the majority of Jesuits are located in the select areas doing tremendous good; yet the noble goals of St. Ignatius may no longer be attainable without additional resources and vocations. While the Jesuits continue to do immense amounts of humanitarian works and fight for social change, equality and understanding they will always be hindered by the conservative Catholic Church. The Catholic Church does not change quickly, a bureaucracy never does. The Jesuits on the other hand have the ability to change with the times primarily because of the academic element they are able to look at issues with a more worldly and open minded view. While the Jesuits strive for change and progression the Vatican seems to desire stagnation in Catholic doctrine. This rigidity of the Vatican is in part what is causing the decline of the Catholic Church and the Jesuits see this. They have been calling for changes in the Vatican for years to help the dwindling number of Catholics such as; allowing priests to wed and for women to enter into some form of priesthood. The Jesuits are trying to move forward with the times and to connect with the new generation that has become increasingly jaded towards Catholicism. I believe that in order for the Jesuits to become an even more effective instrument for Social Justice it is necessary to distance themselves from Vatican Law.